Mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusion, and O–H stable isotopes of the Siah Jangal-Sar Kahno epithermal gold deposit, SE Iran

Najaran, Mohsen; Mehrabi, Behzad; Siani, Majid Ghasemi

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103689

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…with a meteoric source (Figure 7a). These characteristics are similar to those of typical low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposits in China and worldwide [34][35][36]. Therefore, the Dongpuzi gold deposit belongs to a typical low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit in the Liaodong area.…”

Section: Ore Genesis and The Metallogenic Modelsupporting

confidence: 70%

Genesis of the Dongpuzi Gold Deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Chen

Sha

et al. 2022

Minerals

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The Dongpuzi deposit is an epithermal gold deposit located in the southern margin of the Shaozihe volcanic fault basin in the Liaodong Peninsula. On the basis of fluid inclusion and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope data, a metallogenic model is established for the Dongpuzi deposit. The mineralization at the Dongpuzi deposit has experienced quartz–pyrite (I), quartz–sulfide (II), and quartz–calcite (III) stages. The quartz from ore stage II has liquid-dominated aqueous inclusions, which have homogenization temperatures ranging from 113 to 162 °C and salinities varying from 3.2 to 9.6 wt% NaCl equiv. The quartz from the quartz–calcite stage has decreasing homogenization temperatures (106~143 °C) and salinities (2.7~6.9 wt% NaCl equiv.). The fluid inclusion data indicate that the gold ores were precipitated from low-temperature and low-salinity solutions, with an obvious decrease in temperature and salinity from ore stages II to III. The calculated δ18Owater values for the quartz of ore stage II range from −14.71‰ to −13.31‰, and the corresponding δDwater values range from −103.3‰ to −96.1‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluids could be of a meteoric origin. The calcite from ore stage III has δ13CV-PDB values of −4.5‰ to −4.2‰ and δ18OV-SMOW values of +7.0‰ to +7.4‰, indicating a mantle source for the carbon. The pyrite yielded δ34S values of +4.1‰ to +6.6‰ and Pb isotopes consistent with those of the host trachyte porphyry and volcanic rocks of the Xiaoling Formation, which suggests that the S and Pb in gold ores were dominantly derived from the host trachyte porphyry and volcanic rocks of the Xiaoling Formation, with some combination of Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Gaixian Formation. These results, together with the ore geology, indicate that the Dongpuzi deposit is a typical low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit with important ore-forming materials input from the host trachyte porphyry, volcanic rocks of the Xiaoling Formation, and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks of the Gaixian Formation. The Dongpuzi deposit was formed under an extensional setting related to the Early Cretaceous lithospheric extension and thinning of the eastern North China Craton.

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Section: Ore Genesis and The Metallogenic Modelsupporting

confidence: 70%

Genesis of the Dongpuzi Gold Deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Chen

Sha

et al. 2022

Minerals

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“…Some researchers [51][52][53][54] have suggested that molar ratio plots are effective in the calculation of mass transfer related to hydrothermal alteration systems. Pyrite, sericite, and chlorite-carbonate tend to be associated primarily with argillic and sericite-carbonate-clay minerals in the Siah Jangal-Sar Kahno epithermal Au vein [6]. In the Tarom-Hashtjin precious and base metal epithermal deposit, illite-smectite, illite, K-mica, and K-feldspar-biotite areas indicate argillic, sericitic, and propylitic alteration types, with the presence of K-Al gains [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hydrothermal alteration is common around epithermal mineral deposits, and the alteration types are similar to those found in characteristic epithermal deposits worldwide and in Turkey [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. One of the most crucial features of epithermal gold deposits is that they are always included within the host rock alteration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the alteration mineral association of quartz ± calcite ± adularia ± illite in low-sulfidation deposits, including Au-Ag, or Ag-Pb-Zn ores [18,19]. Globally, the various alteration types occur at different intensities in the silicified vein [20][21][22][23], monzonite [24], diorite porphyry [5,6], granite-granodiorite porphyry [22,25,26], and metamorphic [22,27]-volcanic rocks [8,21,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrothermal alteration has been investigated in detail concerning major-and minor oxides, trace element and rare earth element contents, mass gain and loss, molar ratio, and alteration indices for some epithermal Au deposits [5,6,8,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Some researchers [51][52][53][54] have suggested that molar ratio plots are effective in the calculation of mass transfer related to hydrothermal alteration systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Kiray,

Cengiz

2024

Minerals

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In this study, the facies and degrees of hydrothermal alteration related to the low-sulfidation epithermal Kestanelik Au deposit in the Biga Peninsula metallogenic province are identified through petrographic studies and analysis of geochemical characteristics, such as mass changes, molar element ratios, and alteration indices. The gold mineralization is located in silicified zones containing veins and stockwork veinlets of silica. In the Kestanelik Au deposit, common hydrothermal alteration is mainly found in the Permian-Upper Cretaceous Çamlıca basement metamorphics and the Eocene granodiorite, and less often in the Eocene Şahinli volcanic rocks of the Karabiga Massif on the Peninsula. Based on mineralogical and geochemical studies conducted on altered samples, four different alteration facies are defined as silicic, sericitic, argillic, and propylitic, which show remarkable differences in the behavior of REEs, Si, K, Al, Na, and Ca elements. The hydrothermal fluids that caused alteration in the Kestanelik Au mineralization and host rocks had low REE contents because of REE mobilization. In addition, the kaolinization of feldspars and micas, and the chloritization of biotite and feldspars, may have caused negative Eu anomalies. The characterization of rocks subjected to hydrothermal alteration that are most influenced by diverse K-metasomatism with the largest K gains and losses in Na–Ca is illustrated by molar element ratio plots. Depending on the intensity of K-metasomatism, gold mineralization increases with increasing K trends toward gold ore veins. In the Kestanelik Au field, the argillic, sericitic, and propylitic alteration types from the zones enclosing the Au ore veins are revealed using the Ishikawa alteration index and chlorite–carbonate–pyrite index. Mass changes in the altered rocks indicate that there are gains in Si, K, and Al, and losses in Na and Ca with the increasing intensity of alteration toward the ore veins. The results confirm the presence of silicic and K–metasomatic (sericite and argillic) and propylitic (Fe-rich chloride) alteration zoning extending from the inner regions to the outer regions, which characterize the epithermal ore systems.

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Geochemical vectors to ore and environmental significance at the Chatree epithermal low-sulfidation deposit, Thailand

Kaewpaluk,

Assawincharoenkij,

Hauzenberger

et al. 2023

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Mineralogy, hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusion, and O–H stable isotopes of the Siah Jangal-Sar Kahno epithermal gold deposit, SE Iran

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Genesis of the Dongpuzi Gold Deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Genesis of the Dongpuzi Gold Deposit in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China: Constraints from Geology, Fluid Inclusion, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

Petrography and Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Low-Sulfidation Epithermal Kestanelik Au Deposit, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey

Geochemical vectors to ore and environmental significance at the Chatree epithermal low-sulfidation deposit, Thailand

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