Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the polymetallic crusts and nodules from the South China Sea

Guan, Yao; Sun, Xiaoming; Ren, Yingzhi; Jiang, Xiaodong

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.06.020

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…A ternary diagram of Fe‐Mn‐Co*100 (Figure S3) for the studied nodules is consistent with a hydrogenetic growth mechanism (Guan, Sun, Ren, et al, ; Halbach et al, ). This result suggests that metals have been incorporated into nodules from bottom waters, so the studied nodules could also record paleoceanographic information.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization and Quantification of Magnetofossils Within Abyssal Manganese Nodules From the Western Pacific Ocean and Implications for Nodule Formation

Jiang

Zhao

Chou

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Abyssal manganese nodules have been explored widely for their economic potential and paleoenvironmental significance. Debate about whether biogenic or physical‐chemical processes are responsible for their formation remains because of difficulties in quantifying ancient microbiological contributions. To address this question, we investigated microbial fossils in manganese nodules from the western Pacific Ocean by integrating scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and synchrotron transmission X‐ray microscope observations. Our results suggest that the nodules host abundant fossil biogenic magnetite and manganese‐oxidizing bacteria. These organisms engage in redox reactions or live in environments with redox gradients. By combining magnetic properties and observations of fossil biogenic magnetite morphology, we estimate magnetofossil abundances and further assess fossil biogenic manganese oxide in nodules. Our results imply that manganese nodule formation appears to be dominated by biomineralization with an additional terrestrial contribution. Extensive biomineralization in ultralow‐productivity oceanic environments suggests that manganese nodule formation is an important aspect of biogeochemical cycling in abyssal seafloor environments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization and Quantification of Magnetofossils Within Abyssal Manganese Nodules From the Western Pacific Ocean and Implications for Nodule Formation

Jiang

Zhao

Chou

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Minor elements were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Mn/Fe ratios (less than 2.5) of the SCS samples analyzed are typical of hydrogenetic Fe-Mn precipitates [61], which are supported by the REY (REEs and yttrium) discrimination [63]. The growth rates of the SCS crusts and nodules were calculated using the empirical chronometer derived from formula where growth rate (GR) = 13.8 × (Mn/Fe) 2 + 0.75, with metals in wt.% [64].…”

Section: Mineralogy and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Samples ZJ86, STD275 and HYD104 are nodules, whereas samples HYD66-1, ST1, ZSQD253A and ZSQD251A-1 are crusts ( Figure 2). More detailed morphological descriptions were given in Guan et al [61]. The SCS nodules occurred in silty-clayey sediments and their nuclei include clay, silt and Fe oxides.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCS samples were studied in detail with mineralogical, age, geochemical and isotopic analyses [61,62]. Analyses of major elements were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF).…”

Section: Mineralogy and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This formula is considered a minimum age estimate and is not possible to exclude changes in growth rate within a bulk sample. The average growth rate of our samples analyzed is 21.54 mm/Ma [61]. The SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules were formed in epicontinental sea and have high growth rates and only the uppermost 1 cm of the nodules and crusts were analyzed to minimize the differences of the noble gases characteristics caused by the age differences.…”

Section: Mineralogy and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helium and Argon Isotopes in the Fe-Mn Polymetallic Crusts and Nodules from the South China Sea: Constraints on Their Genetic Sources and Origins

et al. 2018

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In this study, the He and Ar isotope compositions were measured for the Fe-Mn polymetallic crusts and nodules from the South China Sea (SCS), using the high temperature bulk melting method and noble gases isotope mass spectrometry. The He and Ar of the SCS crusts/nodules exist mainly in the Fe-Mn mineral crystal lattice and terrigenous clastic mineral particles. The results show that the 3 He concentrations and R/R A values of the SCS crusts are generally higher than those of the SCS nodules, while 4 He and 40 Ar concentrations of the SCS crusts are lower than those of the SCS nodules. Comparison with the Pacific crusts and nodules, the SCS Fe-Mn crusts/nodules have lower 3 He concentrations and 3 He/ 4 He ratios (R/R A , 0.19 to 1.08) than those of the Pacific Fe-Mn crusts/nodules, while the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios of the SCS samples are significantly higher than those of the Pacific counterparts. The relatively low 3 He/ 4 He ratios and high 40 Ar concentrations in the SCS samples are likely caused by terrigenous detrital input with high radiogenic 4 He and 40 Ar contents. The SCS crusts and nodules have shorter growth periods, implying that in situ post-formation radiogenic 3 He, 4 He and 40 Ar produced by decay of U, Th and K have no effect on their isotope compositions. Thus, the SCS crusts/nodules inherited the noble gases characteristics of their sources. Helium and Ar isotope compositions in the SCS Fe-Mn crusts and nodules reflect the product of an equilibrium mixture between air-saturated seawater and radiogenic components during their growth, while the partial 3 He excess in some SCS samples may represent a little mantle-derived origin. The different He and Ar isotope compositions of the Fe-Mn crusts and nodules between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean are due to their different sources and genetic processes. The characteristics of He and Ar isotope compositions in the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules are similar to the properties of hydrogenetic Fe-Mn oxide/hydroxide precipitates, which reflects mainly the product of an equilibrium mixture between air-saturated seawater and radiogenic components.isotopes provide important geological information for the research of modern ocean circulation, paleoceanography, seafloor hydrothermal and cold brine system and ocean/atmosphere gas exchange.Early studies of marine noble gases are mainly concentrated in solving geochemical problems, such as tracing the excess He in the seawater, which is likely produced by U-Th series radioactive decay in the marine sediments [1,2]. After the discovery of mantle-originated helium [3] and 3 He originated near the sediment surface (via 3 H decay in the sea) [4], people began to use noble gases to trace the source of submarine hydrothermal fluids, crust/mantle material cycle, constrain the formation process and thermodynamic mechanism of seamount systems [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and to explore the formation and cycle of the ocean currents (e.g., [12][13][14]).Some studies have explored potential application of He isotopes...

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From contaminant to commodity: a critical review of selenium usage, treatment, and recovery

Ngan,

Ren,

Chen

et al. 2024

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the polymetallic crusts and nodules from the South China Sea

Cited by 47 publications

References 82 publications

Characterization and Quantification of Magnetofossils Within Abyssal Manganese Nodules From the Western Pacific Ocean and Implications for Nodule Formation

Characterization and Quantification of Magnetofossils Within Abyssal Manganese Nodules From the Western Pacific Ocean and Implications for Nodule Formation

Helium and Argon Isotopes in the Fe-Mn Polymetallic Crusts and Nodules from the South China Sea: Constraints on Their Genetic Sources and Origins

From contaminant to commodity: a critical review of selenium usage, treatment, and recovery

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