Mineralogy and trace element chemistry of the siliceous earth of barmer basin, Rajasthan: Evidence for a volcanic origin

Sisodia, M. S.; Singh, Upendra; Lashkari, G.; Shukla, P. N.; Shukla, A. D.; Bhandari, N.

doi:10.1007/bf02702014

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The Mangala and Aishwarya/Aishwariya oil fields have been producing hydrocarbons from the Barmer Hill Formation (Shiju et al 2008;Lobo et al 2015). Figure 2 presents a Wheeler diagram of a chronostratigraphic section, taking into account the available stratigraphic information from current literature (Sisodia and Singh 2000;Mathur 2003;Mathur et al 2005;Sisodia et al 2005;Compton 2009;Beaumont et al 2015;Dolson et al 2015;Kothari et al 2015).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MIS is a heterogeneous group of three-phased ig- Figure 2. Chronostratigraphic NW-SE section across the Barmer basin (compiled from Sisodia and Singh 2000;Mathur 2003;Mathur et al 2005;Sisodia et al 2005;Compton 2009;Dolson et al 2015;Kothari et al 2015;John et al 2017). Major depositional units with respect to geological time associated with prominent erosional events and hiatuses are presented.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Dasgupta

Mukherjee

2017

The Journal of Geology

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Our field studies emphasizing brittle shear P-and Y-planes along the margins of the Barmer basin (Rajasthan, India) support its two-phase (NW-SE, followed by NE-SW) extension during Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous-Paleocene periods. We also document nearly NE-trending megascale transfer zones along the northern margin of the Barmer basin. Preexisting brittle planes in the Malani basement rocks guided the relay structures here. Structures at the western basin shoulder margin indicate NE-SW extension, and the crosscut relation connotes the relative timing of the two extension phases. The crosscutting conjugate fault sets are non-Andersonian. The NW-trending faults produced by the second-phase extension and the inherited NNW-trending brittle features are dominantly dip-slip. Prior fractures of the Malani rocks at ≥457 to the NE-SW principal extension direction extended the Barmer basin obliquely during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene period. The asymmetric nature of the rift, too, connotes its oblique rifting. The extension direction of the first phase probably rotated clockwise. This is derived mainly from WSW-trending faults cutting NE-trending faults. Brittle planes of shear and fracture significantly promoted fluid flow, as understood from secondary hydrothermal mineral deposits (Barmer hill area) and pre-Deccan basalts (Sarnoo area). Reverse slip detected along subvertical faults on the western and eastern rift shoulders are probably due to isostatic flexure-related contraction or might be related to the farfield effect of ridge-push forces. The Mesozoic subsurface stratigraphy there and elsewhere within the Barmer basin requires more study to substantiate the potential for structural entrapment of hydrocarbon.

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Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Dasgupta

Mukherjee

2017

The Journal of Geology

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“…In the outcrop, a "Siliceous Earth" had already been reported and described as a soft, porous, homogeneous and low density rock (Sisodia et al, 2005), although the available evidence led these authors to suggest a volcanic origin for the unit. In the current study, equivalent representative outcrop samples of the Barmer Hill Formation have been analysed using SEM and XRD methods.…”

Section: Structural Setting and Geological Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Characterisation of the Low Permeability Siliceous Barmer Hill Formation, Barmer Basin, India

Chowdhury¹,

Singhal²,

Datta³

et al. 2011

All Days

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The Barmer Hill Formation is a Palaeocene lacustrine deposit occurring in the Barmer Basin of northwestern India. The lake developed entirely within the rift basin and its sediments comprise a complex of shallow to deep water deposits. In much of the northern part of the basin, the upper part of the Barmer Hill Formation is characterised by the presence of a finely laminated siliceous unit. Millimeter scale laminations in this unit consist of highly siliceous lithofacies, interbedded with organic material and subordinate clay. This syn-rift unit varies from 50 to 250 meters in thickness and is known to be hydrocarbon-bearing through much of the basin from numerous well penetrations. It is characterised by high porosities (25-35%) but low permeabilities (0.1-4mD). Hydraulic fracturing well operations in this reservoir had produced stabilized oil flows in the range of 30-250 BOPD demonstrating commerciality.Detailed reservoir characterisation of this siliceous Barmer Hill Formation unit has been carried out in advance of planned field development and further hydraulic fracturing activities. Outcrop samples and subsurface core data have been integrated to understand the unusual properties of the reservoir. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations of subsurface core samples reveal microcrystalline quartz (chalcedony) as the main mineral present, whereas equivalent outcrop samples are dominated by both Opal-CT and chalcedony and contain opaline diatom tests. This integration of core and outcrop data indicates that the siliceous unit was likely formed through diagenetic alteration of biogenic silica from opal-A through opal-CT to microcrystalline quartz. Early oil migration may have helped to preserve the porosity in the subsurface resulting in high porosity-low permeability reservoir properties unusual for microcrystalline quartz.Geomechanical properties were assessed from bulk rock X-ray diffraction (XRD) information and core data to identify the most suitable intervals for hydraulic fracture initiation. This XRD data has been used semi-quantitatively to predict reservoir brittleness using a ternary plot of quartz-carbonate-clay abundance whereas geomechanical properties viz. Poisson's Ratio (PR), Young's Modulus (YM) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of each units are estimated from wireline densitysonic log data and calibrated with core plugs to quantify the fracability of the units. The in-situ stress orientation is estimated from image log interpretation to predict fracture propagation orientation and aid optimal well placement.This integrated workflow combining geological, petrophysical and geomechanical properties for reservoir characterisation is being applied to support commercial development of the hydrocarbon resources of this low permeability siliceous unit.

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“…However, more evidence is required to support this suggestion. Sisodia et al (2005) reported a 3-5 cm thick loose fragmental layer in siliceous earth from the Barmer basin, comprising volcanic debris such as glass shards, agglutinates, hollow spheroids, kinked biotites, feldspars, olivines, ilmenite and native iron. They suggested that the bands of siliceous earth were volcanic ash deposited during the Upper Cretaceous to Lower Paleocene.…”

Section: Barmer Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-T magmatism and basin tectonism in western Rajasthan, India, results from extensional tectonics and not from Réunion plume activity

Sharma¹

2007

Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes

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Evolution of sedimentary basins took place in the Barmer, Jaisalmer and Bikaner regions during K-T (Cretaceous-Tertiary) time in western Rajasthan, India. These intra-cratonic rift basins developed under an extensional tectonic regime from early Jurassic to Tertiary time. Rift evolution resulted in alkaline magmatism at the rift margins. This magmatism is dated at 68.5 Ma and has been considered to be an early phase of Deccan volcanism. Deccan volcanism, sedimentary basin development and the alkaline magmatism of western Rajasthan have thus been considered to be the products of Reunion plume activity. However, sedimentary basin evolution began in western Rajasthan prior to Deccan volcanism and K-T alkaline magmatism. Gondwanaland fragmentation during the Mesozoic caused the development of the rift basins of Gujarat and western Rajasthan. This resulted in the opening of the Jurassic rift system and mildly alkaline magmatism at ca. 120 Ma in western India. This event is pre-K-T and plume activity has not hypothesized for it. Continental fragmentation under an extensional tectonic regime during K-T time resulted in the magmatism and basin tectonism in western Rajasthan. Crustal development during the K-T period in western Rajasthan results from an extensional tectonic regime and is not the manifestation of Reunion plume activity.

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Mineralogy and trace element chemistry of the siliceous earth of barmer basin, Rajasthan: Evidence for a volcanic origin

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Brittle Shear Tectonics in a Narrow Continental Rift: Asymmetric Nonvolcanic Barmer Basin (Rajasthan, India)

Reservoir Characterisation of the Low Permeability Siliceous Barmer Hill Formation, Barmer Basin, India

K-T magmatism and basin tectonism in western Rajasthan, India, results from extensional tectonics and not from Réunion plume activity

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