Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade nickel laterite ore

Zhu, Deqing; Yu, Changmin; Hapugoda, Sarath; Vining, K.; Pan, Jian

doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61264-8

Cited by 51 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Laterite nickel ore [1] is formed by large-scale weathering and deposition of nickel bearing peridotite in tropical or subtropical areas. It is an unconsolidated, hydrous, and clay-like oxide ore, which contains elements such as iron, aluminum, and silicon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment and Leaching Kinetics of Silicon from Laterite Nickel Ore

Cao

Chang

et al. 2021

Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration

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A new process of extracting silica from laterite nickel ore by hydrothermal treatment with sodium hydroxide as reaction auxiliary agent was proposed. The mineralogical transformation and silicon extraction kinetics of laterite nickel ore in alkaline hydrothermal treatment were studied. The effects of reaction temperature (175 ~ 250℃), molar ratios of sodium hydroxide to ore (1.05 ~ 1.2:1), and laterite nickel ore particle size (44 ~ 178 μm) on the extraction ratio of silica were investigated by using the shrinking core model. The results show that the extraction ratio of silica increases with the increase of reaction temperature, sodium hydroxide to ore molar ratio, reaction time, and the decrease of raw ore particle size. The kinetic analysis shows that the separation of silica in laterite ore can be described by internal diffusion model. The apparent activation energy (E a ) of the reaction was 8.87 kJ mol −1 , and the kinetic modeling was established. KeywordsLaterite nickel ore • Sodium hydroxide • Hydrothermal • Silica • Kinetics Abbreviations C HCl Concentration of hydrochloric acid standard solution (mol/mL) V a Volume of hydrochloric acid consumed in titration (mL) V c Volume of hydrochloric acid consumed in the blank test (mL) C NaOH Concentration of the standard solution of sodium hydroxide (mol/mL) V b Volume of sodium hydroxide consumed in titration (mL) V d Volume of sodium hydroxide consumed in blank test (mL) V Total volume of the solution (L) v Volume of the solution taken (mL) m Mass of silica in the sample (g) k d Diffusion rate constant (min −1 ) k r Reaction rate constant (min −1 ) A Frequency factor (s −1 ) E a Apparent reaction activation energy (J mol −1 ) R Molar gas constant (J/mol K) T Thermodynamic temperature (K) α Extraction rate of SiO 2 (%) d 2 Square of the initial diameter of the raw ore (µm −2 ) XRD X-ray diffraction SEM Scanning electron microscopy EDS Energy disperse spectroscopy XRF X-ray fluorescence * Longjiao Chang

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment and Leaching Kinetics of Silicon from Laterite Nickel Ore

Cao

Chang

et al. 2021

Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration

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“…The U.S. Geological Survey [3] reported that Indonesia has the globally largest nickel reserves of about 21 million tons in the form of laterite deposits (2018 data). These deposits comprise layers such as the limonite layer, which contains a significant amount of goethite (FeOOH), 0.5-1.7% nickel, 40-60% iron and low silica content; and the saprolite layer with containing about 1.5-3% nickel, with lower iron and higher silica contents [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Alkali Roasting Pretreatment on Nickel Extraction from Limonite Ore by Using Dissolved SO2-Air

Wulandari

Kinda²,

Murida

et al. 2020

Minerals

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Extraction of limonite ore using dissolved SO2–air is an alternative hydrometallurgical method for nickel recovery. This process is carried out at atmospheric pressure and is shown to have good selectivity of nickel over iron, but with a low recovery yield. The literature refers to the application of alkali roasting as pretreatment in laterite ore leaching to increase nickel recovery. Thus, this study aims to apply the combination method of alkali roasting and leaching to extract nickel from limonite ore (1.33% Ni, 46.61% Fe) from the Southeast Sulawesi region. Three alkali compounds were included in the study (NaOH, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4). The batch-leaching process was carried out at pH 1 and 3 and temperatures of 55 and 80 °C for 180 min. The leach liquors were sampled at 15, 60, 90 and 120 min, and concentrations of the extracted metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). A mineralogy characterization of the raw ore and its residue after leaching was undertaken by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the thermal decomposition behavior of the ore was characterized by Thermogravimetry Analyzer (TGA)/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The addition of Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and NaOH in the ore pretreatment increases nickel recovery from 14.80% without alkali roasting to 23.99%, 28.15% and 39.22%, respectively. The optimum extraction condition for nickel recovery is at pH 1 and a temperature of 80 °C. However, the highest Ni/Fe selectivity of 24,947 is obtained at pH 3 and a temperature of 80 °C, preceded by roasting in the absence of alkali. Compared to other hydrometallurgical processes, the process studied in this work exhibits lower recovery, but provides an alternative to extract nickel from low-grade limonite ore.

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“…The layer close to the surface is the limonitic ore body, the layer near to the bottom of the ore body is the saprolitic ore body, and the limonitic ore can be separated from the saprolitic ore by a transition zone. Because of the low nickel content and variable distribution in nickel laterite ores, these ores cannot be easily concentrated by current technologies [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore using self-reduction

Ju¹,

Ryom²,

Hong³

2018

J min metall B Metall

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To efficiently extract nickel from low grade limonitic laterite ore, a separation method of iron-nickel alloy nugget by selfreduction of coal composite limonitic laterite ore briquette was investigated. In this investigation, in order to decrease the separation temperature of iron-nickel alloy nugget, the selective reduction by control of C/O ratio was introduced and reductant added in the briquette was inadequate for the reduction of nickel and iron. Nickel was preferentially reduced in the reduction process, while iron was partially reduced due to the lack of reductant. After reduction, a certain amount of FeO existed in the reduced product. This residual FeO had a great role in the formation of low melting point slag, which could promote the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget at relatively low temperature. In this investigation, the reduction experiments were all conducted at 1300°C. To evaluate the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget in the reduction process, we observed the patterns of reduced products under different C/O ratio, CaO addition ratio and holding time conditions. And then the effect of C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio on nickel content of nugget and nickel recovery ratio were investigated. The results showed that 0.7 of C/O ratio, 8% of CaO addition ratio and 40min of holding time were suitable for the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore. Nickel and iron content of the nugget and the nickel recovery ratio were 4.75%, 89.51% and 85%, respectively. Nuggets were easily separated from slag by crushing and screening. This separation method could be applied to any limonitic laterite ore by adjusting C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio.

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Mineralogy and crystal chemistry of a low grade nickel laterite ore

Cited by 51 publications

References 14 publications

Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment and Leaching Kinetics of Silicon from Laterite Nickel Ore

Alkaline Hydrothermal Treatment and Leaching Kinetics of Silicon from Laterite Nickel Ore

The Effect of Alkali Roasting Pretreatment on Nickel Extraction from Limonite Ore by Using Dissolved SO2-Air

Separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore using self-reduction

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