Mineralogical petrographic and geochemical characterization of marmora from the Roman quarries of Cabra (Córdoba) and Antequera (Málaga), External Sector Areas of the Betic Chain, Spain

Ontiveros‐Ortega, Esther; Fortes, José Beltrán; Azuaga, María Luisa Loza

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101956

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These communication routes allowed the transport of heritage stones to cities and villages [106,107] to build walls, bridges, aqueducts, dams, stelae, sarcophagi, mosaics [108], mills [109] and ornamental elements [110]. Quarries were scattered throughout the Roman Empire [111][112][113] and a trade in ornamental stones was created, mostly from Egypt [114][115][116]. The Roman mortars were a mixture of lime and a volcanic ash called pozzolana.…”

Section: Classic Roman Empirementioning

confidence: 99%

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

Freire-Lista

2021

Heritage

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Human activity has required, since its origins, stones as raw material for carving, construction and rock art. The study, exploration, use and maintenance of building stones is a global phenomenon that has evolved from the first shelters, manufacture of lithic tools, to the construction of houses, infrastructures and monuments. Druids, philosophers, clergymen, quarrymen, master builders, naturalists, travelers, architects, archaeologists, physicists, chemists, curators, restorers, museologists, engineers and geologists, among other professionals, have worked with stones and they have produced the current knowledge in heritage stones. They are stones that have special significance in human culture. In this way, the connotation of heritage in stones has been acquired over the time. That is, the stones at the time of their historical use were simply stones used for a certain purpose. Therefore, the concept of heritage stone is broad, with cultural, historic, artistic, architectural, and scientific implications. A historical synthesis is presented of the main events that marked the use of stones from prehistory, through ancient history, medieval times, and to the modern period. In addition, the main authors who have written about stones are surveyed from Ancient Roman times to the middle of the twentieth century. Subtle properties of stones have been discovered and exploited by artists and artisans long before rigorous science took notice of them and explained them.

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Section: Classic Roman Empirementioning

confidence: 99%

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

Freire-Lista

2021

Heritage

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“…Seville). Likewise, other limestone outcrops within this area were also exploited during this period (Beltrán et al, 2010, 2011; Loza & Beltrán, 2012; Ontiveros et al, 2019). These stones were widely used in the various communities of Baetica , although usually restricted to local distribution or, in any case, to regional trade within the provincia Baetica (Beltrán & Loza, 2003, 2008; Beltrán et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Marmora of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain): New data provided by archaeometric analysis

2021

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This article aims to identify a series of stone materials used in the ornamentation of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, prov. Seville, Spain), the imperial cult shrine commissioned by Hadrian in honour of his adoptive father, Trajan, from a petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical point of view. The study highlights the simultaneous use of local and, above all, foreign marbles. Local marbles from Almadén de la Plata (prov. Seville) and Hill of Mijas (prov. Malaga) were used particularly for wall coverings and pavements, whereas Luni‐Carrara marble stands out as the preferred ornamental foreign marble used in column shafts, bases, capitals, balustrade finishes, and so forth. In addition, cipollino marble was mainly used for the column shafts of the hecatostylon portico, but the analysis has not been able to specify its exact provenance, whether it is from Euboea or local, possibly the area of Almadén de la Plata. However, given that this was a construction promoted by the emperor, it might be possible that it would have come from Greece.

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Mineralogical petrographic and geochemical characterization of marmora from the Roman quarries of Cabra (Córdoba) and Antequera (Málaga), External Sector Areas of the Betic Chain, Spain

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

The Forerunners on Heritage Stones Investigation: Historical Synthesis and Evolution

Marmora of the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain): New data provided by archaeometric analysis

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