Mineralogical and chemical variations, Castellanos shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ba deposit, northwestern Cuba

Whitehead, R. E.; Davies, James F.; Valdes-Nodarse, E. L.; Diaz-Carmona, A.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.91.4.713

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In general, sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) processes are considered to be related to formation of a variety of ore deposits, including sediment-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag (e.g., Hamilton et al, 1982;Strens et al, 1987;Goodfellow et al, 1993;Sewell and Wheatley, 1994;Whitehead et al, 1996;Fernandez and Velasco, 1997;Large et al, 1998;Sangster and Hillary, 1998;Paradis et al, 1998;Cooke et al, 2000;Canet et al, 2003;Large et al, 2005;Tornos and Heinrich, 2008;Kawasaki et al, 2010), Cu (Gu and Xu, 1986;Wang and Qin, 1989), barite (e.g., Clark and Orris, 1991;MacIntyre, 1992;Clark et al, 2004), NiMo (Lott et al, 1999), Sn-polymetallic (Han and Hutchinson, 1989;Jiang et al, 1999) and, probably, some precious metal deposits (e.g., Zheng et al, 1993;Gu, 1996;Emsbo et al, 1999;Gu et al, 1996Gu et al, , 2000Gu et al, , 2002cCanet et al, 2004). The Woxi W-Sb-Au deposit discussed in this study may represent another example of this ore formation model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That stringers are restricted to the footwall stratigraphy and that footwall rocks have a more intense and widespread alteration zone than hanging-wall rocks are common features of both volcanogenic and SEDEX ore deposits (e.g., Gemmell and Large, 1992;Whitehead et al, 1996;Robinson et al, 1996;Sherlock et al, 1999;Doyle and Huston, 1999). We consider that a synsedimentary ore genesis model best explains the spatial and cross-cut relationships between the stratiform ores, the stringers and the alteration at Woxi described above.…”

Section: Evidence For a Synsedimentary Originmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China: An example of Late Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization

Zhang

Schulz

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For a Synsedimentary Originmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China: An example of Late Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization

Zhang

Schulz

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…The Castellanos deposit has many of the characteristics of intermediate shale-hosted, clastic-dominated Pb-Zn-Ag-Ba ± Au deposits, containing around 12 Mt of ore [6] with 6.76% Zn, 3.39% Pb, 0.1% Cu, 53.3 g/t Ag, 0.82 g/t Au on average, and high Ba. Some Au concentration maxima (up to 34 g/t) were measured in ancient core samples drilled in a fractured zone located close to a major fault but no data are available on the spatial distribution of Au in the mineralized zone or on Au speciation in Zn-Pb ores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold in the Farallones Block of the Shale-Hosted, Clastic-Dominated Castellanos Zinc-Lead Deposit (Northwest Cuba)

et al. 2021

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The Zn-Pb ores of the Castellanos shale-hosted, clastic-dominated deposit in northwest Cuba average nearly 1 g/t Au, with local maximum concentrations up to 34 g/t Au. This deposit is stratiform with respect to the bedding in the host black shales and shows a bottom to top zoning of ore assemblages made up of a stockwork underlying the main orebody, a basal pyrite-rich zone and a disseminated to massive Zn-Pb ore zone capped by a discontinuous, thin barite-rich zone. Petrographic data and textural relations allow distinguishing five textural types of pyrite (framboidal Py I, colloform Py IIa, euhedral Py IIb, massive Py IIc and banded colloform Py III) successively formed during ore deposition. The main Zn-Pb ore formed after the crystallization of disseminated, sedimentary framboidal pyrite (Py I) in black shales by the superimposition of several crystallization events. The crystallization sequence of the main ore-forming stage evolved from the precipitation of colloform sphalerite and pyrite (Py IIa) with skeletal galena and interstitial dolomite-ankerite to similar ore assemblages but showing subhedral to euhedral crystal habits (Py IIb) and interstitial calcite-rich carbonates. This stage ended with the development of massive pyrite (Py IIc), mainly occurring at the base of the stratiform orebody. A late fracturing stage gave way to the development of a new generation of colloform banded pyrite (Py III) just preceding the crystallization of early barite. Au is mainly concentrated in pyrite showing variable contents in the different textural types of pyrite and a bottom to top enrichment trend. Minimum contents occur in massive pyrite (Py IIc) from the basal pyrite-rich zone (0.18 ppm Au average), increasing in pyrite IIa (from 0.29 to 2.86 ppm Au average) and in euhedral pyrite (Py IIb) (from 0.82 to 9.02 ppm Au average), reaching maxima in colloform banded pyrite (Py III) formed just before the crystallization of early barite at the top of the orebody. Au enrichment in pyrite correlates with that of Sb (0.08–4420 ppm), As (0.7–35,000 ppm), Ag (0.03–1560 ppm) and to a lesser extent Cu (3–25,000 ppm), Ni (0.02–1600 ppm) and Mn (0.6–5030 ppm). Au deposition should have taken place by oxidation and, probably cooling, of reduced (H2S-dominated) fluids buffered by organic matter-rich black shales of the host sedimentary sequence. The input of such reduced fluids in the ore-forming environment most probably occurred alternating with that of the main oxidized fluids which leached Zn and Pb from the large volume of sandstones and siltstones making up the enclosing sequence, thus being responsible for the precipitation of the majority Zn-Pb ore. Supply of Au-carrying reduced fluids might progressively increase over the course of ore formation, reaching a maximum at the beginning of the late fracturing stage. This evolution of Au supply is consistent with the early crystallization of barite since Ba can also only be transported at low temperature by highly reduced fluids. These results highlight the potential of medium-sized, shale-hosted, clastic-dominated deposits to contain economic (by product) Au amounts and show that ore-forming fluids can change from oxidized (SO42+ dominated) to reduced (H2S-dominated), and vice versa, throughout the evolutionary history of a single deposit.

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Mineral Systems of Cuba: A Panoramic Vision of Cuban Metallogeny

Zafra

Díaz

2021

Geology of Cuba

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Mineralogical and chemical variations, Castellanos shale-hosted Zn-Pb-Ba deposit, northwestern Cuba

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China: An example of Late Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization

The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China: An example of Late Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization

Gold in the Farallones Block of the Shale-Hosted, Clastic-Dominated Castellanos Zinc-Lead Deposit (Northwest Cuba)

Mineral Systems of Cuba: A Panoramic Vision of Cuban Metallogeny

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