Mineralogical and chemical composition of petrologic end members of Alberta oil sands

Osacký, Marek; Geramian, Mirjavad; Ivey, Douglas G.; Liu, Qingxia; Etsell, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.099

Cited by 58 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For the <2 µm fractions of EC and MC, the quartz contents were higher by 9–19 wt% and the clay minerals contents were lower by 13–27 wt%. These discrepancies between the results in the present study and previously reported results by the authors may be related to the different method of collecting the <2 µm fraction from the bulk petrologic end members. In the study by Osacky et al, the <2 µm fraction was separated from the bulk petrologic end members by gravitational settling in a column of water using graduated cylinders.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…After centrifugation, the bottles were opened and the supernatant containing the <2 µm fraction was decanted into the beakers and then dried. Pouring the supernatant most likely led to contamination of the <2 µm fraction by coarse non‐clay minerals (mainly quartz) as it is evident by the elevated quartz levels in the <2 µm fractions of MC and EC in the present study compared with the previous results of the authors . The quantitative mineral composition of the <2 µm fraction for MS and ES was not calculated in the present study due to insufficient material.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…The QXRD results of the petrologic end members determined by the Rietveld program AUTOQUAN™ (GE Seifert) in the present study were compared with previous QXRD results calculated for the same types of petrologic end members using the non‐Rietveld program ROCKJOCK . A relatively good agreement was found for the mineral composition of bulk EC, ES and MS determined using the two different whole‐pattern fitting QXRD techniques.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Characterisation of petrologic end members of oil sands from the athabasca region, Alberta, Canada

Osacký¹,

Geramian

Dyar

et al. 2013

Can J Chem Eng

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The aim of this study was to perform mineral and chemical characterisation of the four petrologic end members of Alberta oil sands in order to better understand the mineralogical and geochemical factors affecting bitumen extraction. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the petrologic end members contain a variable amount of quartz, clay minerals, carbonates, K‐feldspar, TiO2 minerals and pyrite and the Fe‐containing phases were also observed in Mössbauer spectra. Scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) analysis also showed the presence of Fe–Ti oxide minerals. Mössbauer results also indicated the presence of lepidocrocite in the fine fractions in amounts below the detection limit of XRD. Interstratified illite–smectite was found only in clay‐rich petrologic end members. Calcite and dolomite were primarily concentrated in the fine fractions of marine petrologic end members. Conversely, siderite was found mainly in the coarse fraction of estuarine petrologic end members. The relative amount of toluene insoluble organics was higher in the fine fractions of marine petrologic end members.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Characterisation of petrologic end members of oil sands from the athabasca region, Alberta, Canada

Osacký¹,

Geramian

Dyar

et al. 2013

Can J Chem Eng

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“…3 Kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and interstratified illite−smectite have been reported as the main clay minerals of Alberta oil sands. 3 Variability in ore composition is known to affect bitumen recovery from the oil sands. It has been recognized that the presence of clay minerals may have negative consequences on bitumen extraction.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nonswelling Clay Minerals (Illite, Kaolinite, and Chlorite) on Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction of Bitumen

et al. 2015

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Artificial mixtures of bitumen with three natural clay standards, dominated by illite, kaolinite, and chlorite, were reacted for several days and washed three times each with cyclohexane to remove bitumen from the clays. The main goal was to determine and better understand the effect of nonswelling clay minerals (illite, kaolinite, and chlorite) on nonaqueous solvent bitumen extraction. The experimental results showed that the total amount of residual cyclohexane insoluble organic carbon (CIOC) measured for clay−bitumen mixtures after nonaqueous solvent bitumen removal is a function of intrinsic resistance of high molecular weight (MW) organic compounds to cyclohexane extraction and the nature of nonswelling clays. The intrinsic resistance of high MW organic compounds to cyclohexane extraction accounted for 42−80% of the total CIOC content. The nonswelling clays retained from 20 to 58% of CIOC of the total CIOC content primarily on the external surfaces (basal planes and edges) of clay mineral particles in the form of patches rather than continuous coatings. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA) were reduced by the reaction with bitumen due to organic coatings on the clay mineral surfaces and/ or due to bridging of clay particles to aggregates. The results indicate that the SSA is the primary controlling parameter affecting the amount of CIOC retained on the nonswelling clays within the studied experimental conditions. Higher amounts of CIOC resist on clays which have larger SSAs. CEC and layer charge density (LCD) are contributing parameters possibly affecting the extractability of bitumen from studied clays. It seems that, with increasing CEC and LCD, the CIOC was bonded more strongly to the clay mineral surface; consequently, more CIOC resisted nonaqueous solvent bitumen removal. ■ INTRODUCTIONThe Alberta oil sands deposits represent the third largest resource of bitumen on the planet after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. 1 Commercial recovery of bitumen from the Alberta oil sands is achieved by water-based extraction processes. Alternative nonaqueous solvent extraction processes have been investigated since the mid-1960s due to their potential advantages such as high bitumen recovery, elimination of sludge tailings ponds, and decrease in water consumption. 2 The Alberta oil sands are a mixture of coarse sand, fine clays, bitumen, and water. Quartz is the principal mineral of Alberta oil sands along with a small amount of clay minerals, carbonates, feldspars, and traces of TiO 2 minerals and pyrite. 3 Kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and interstratified illite−smectite have been reported as the main clay minerals of Alberta oil sands. 3 Variability in ore composition is known to affect bitumen recovery from the oil sands. It has been recognized that the presence of clay minerals may have negative consequences on bitumen extraction. 4,5 However, different types of clay minerals may have differing effects on the processability of oil sands ore during the extraction process, likely due to their d...

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“…These findings indicate the challenge of breaking emulsions due to the strong affinity of contaminated heterogeneous clay particles to the oil-water interfaces. However, Osacky et al 47 proposed that the TIOC consists mainly of humic matter and asphaltene-like compounds rather than resins. Their study showed that the presence of ultra-thin illite correlated quite well with the amount of residual organic matter extracted by methanol at supercritical conditions.…”

Section: Mineral Particles As Emulsion Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 11. Particle-Stabilized Emulsions in Heavy Oil Processing

Harbottle¹,

Chen²,

El-Thaher³

et al. 2014

Soft Matter Series

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Mineralogical and chemical composition of petrologic end members of Alberta oil sands

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Characterisation of petrologic end members of oil sands from the athabasca region, Alberta, Canada

Characterisation of petrologic end members of oil sands from the athabasca region, Alberta, Canada

Influence of Nonswelling Clay Minerals (Illite, Kaolinite, and Chlorite) on Nonaqueous Solvent Extraction of Bitumen

CHAPTER 11. Particle-Stabilized Emulsions in Heavy Oil Processing

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