Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope evidence for the genesis of Sechangi lead–zinc (–copper) deposit, Eastern Iran

Shafaroudi, Azadeh Malekzadeh; Karimpour, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.03.015

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is believed that fluid boiling occurs during the third stage of mineralization. According to the temperature measurement results of the fluid package, it can be launched at a pressure of <10 Mpa and a depth of about less than 1 km [32]. This result is also consistent with the P-T conditions of the CDQ deposit that [34] just obtained.…”

Section: H and O Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This result is also consistent with the P-T conditions of the CDQ deposit that [34] just obtained. From the early stage of mineralization to the late stage, the temperature and salinity continue to decrease, indicating the addition of meteoric water, which coincides with other medium-low temperature hydrothermal vein Pb-Zn deposits [32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. However, the late-stage fluid evolution in the Aveiro district was found to have high salinity, different from the Braganca district [35], in line with the high salinity characteristics of the fluid measured at the late stage of mineralization reported by [41].…”

Section: H and O Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Hence, the initial Pb-Zn mineralization in the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit mainly occurred at depths of less than 0.8 km, which is a shallow mineralization depth. This type of Pb-Zn mineralization depth generally does not exceed 2 km [32,37,39,41,73]. Since the homogenization temperature and isotope characteristics of the five deposits in the region are similar, this paper concludes that the mineralization of the Pb-Zn deposits in the area formed in the shallow area, and the latter degree of erosion varies as a result of the actual deposit of the mineral.…”

Section: Mineral Deposit Typementioning

confidence: 61%

“…They appear as both isolated inclusions and as clusters along crystal growth orientations, suggesting they are primary inclusions. The absence of liquid CO 2 or clathrate formation during freezing experiments suggests that none of the inclusions contained significant quantities of CO 2 [32].…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Pb–Zn Deposits within the Tuotuohe Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Ore Genesis

2023

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The Tuotuohe region is a highly prospective area for Pb and Zn mineral exploration. This paper contributes to our comprehension of the ore-controlling structures, fluid inclusions, and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope geochemistry of Pb–Zn deposits in this region. These deposits are generally hosted by carbonates and controlled by fractures. The principal homogenization temperatures of quart- and calcite-hosted inclusions ranged predominantly between 120 and 220 °C, with salinities varying from 6 to 16 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The Pb isotope compositions of the ore deposits are comparable to those of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the region but differ significantly from those of the host rocks, indicating that the Pb within these deposits was derived from the mantle. The C, O, and S isotope compositions of samples exhibit a bimodal distribution based on whether they were derived from magma or host rocks, implying that magma-derived fluids underwent an isotopic exchange with the host rocks. The H-O isotope compositions of samples also indicate that ore-forming fluids were originally magmatic but were depleted by combining with meteoric water. These findings are also supported by variations in fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and salinities. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Pb–Zn deposits of the Tuotuohe region developed from magma to hydrothermal fluids at medium–low temperatures.

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Section: H and O Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: H and O Isotope Compositionssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Mineral Deposit Typementioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Pb–Zn Deposits within the Tuotuohe Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Ore Genesis

2023

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“…The sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides are functions of temperature, pH, and ƒO 2 of the solution during deposition (Ohmoto, 1972), and negative δ 34 S values may be indicative of a magmatic source as observed in other districts (Field and Fifarek, 1985;Seal and Rye, 1992;Rye, 1993;Sherlock et al, 1995). Here, we propose that sulfur in the mineralized veins was probably derived from the contemporaneous magmatic activity or through leaching of the older volcanic rocks, similar to Sechangi ( Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi and Karimpour, 2015) and to the Goloujeh district of NW Iran (Mehrabi et al, 2016). The light sulfur isotope values could be the result of changes in the oxidation state due to hydrothermal fluid boiling and selective oxidation of H 2 34 S, as observed in Valles Caldera (McKibben and Eldridge, 1990), the Fakos Peninsula (Fornadel et al, 2012), and Kuh-Pang (Rajabpour et al, 2017).…”

Section: Sources Of Sulfursupporting

confidence: 60%

Mineralogy, alteration, and sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Zehabad intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit, NW Iran

2019

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The deposits are mainly hosted by Eocene tuffs and volcanic rocks and in some places by late Eocene plutonic rocks. The Zehabad deposit is the only active base and precious metal mine in the southern part of the Tarom-Hashtjin subzone. It is located 57 km northwest of Qazvin, in northwestern Iran (Figure 1). The mineralization at the deposit is mainly hosted in breccia veins. There were 30 ore-bearing veins at Zehabad deposit. Mining at Zehabad took place between 1959 and 1977 and then restarted in 2010. The Ghara-Katala and Ghara-Changol veins were operated during 1959-1977. The Ghara-Katala vein is still under exploitation and contains 150,000 tons of Pb and Zn grading 7.7 wt.% Pb+Zn. The galena concentrate contains 8 ppm Au and 600 ppm Ag (Amin Khorramdasht Exploration Company, 2006; unpublished company report). Except for geological mapping studies on the scale of 1:250,000 (Stocklin and Eftekharnezhad, 1969), a few unpublished company exploration reports (Amin Abstract: The Zehabad Pb-Zn-Au-Ag (Cu) deposit lies in the Alborz magmatic arc of northwestern Iran. Ore-bearing breccia veins hosted by Eocene tuffs emplaced along the 80-130° trending fault and fracture zone. Mineralization occurs in the contact of the late Eocene igneous bodies and the Eocene volcanic and volcanosedimentary Karaj Formation. Mineralization formed in five stages: 1) disseminated framboidal pyrite and minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite; 2) quartz veins containing chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, and sphalerite; 3) deposition of specularite and gold grains hosted in quartz veins that crosscut chalcopyrite; 4) the main stage of mineralization that contains galena, sphalerite, tennantite-tetrahedrite, pyrite, sulfosalts, and gold; 5) barren quartz-calcite veins with sulfide mineral fragments of earlier stages. The hydrothermal alteration from closest to the veins outwards includes: a) silicification; b) phyllic with quartz, pyrite, sericite, and calcite; c) argillic with illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite; d) propylitic containing epidote, calcite, chlorite, and sericite and; e) carbonatization that crosscuts all previous alteration types. Quartz and calcite are the most important gangue minerals at the deposit and show a close relationship with mineralization. Sulfur isotope compositions (0.8‰ to-10.1‰) suggest that the ore-forming fluids derived from magmatic sources with a temperature range of 276-288 °C. According to the field (macroscopic), microscopic, alteration, and sulfur isotope studies, the Zehabad base and precious metal mineralization is considered an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit.

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Mapping of Regional-scale Multi-element Geochemical Anomalies Using Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms

Geranian

Carranza

2021

Nat Resour Res

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Mineralogic, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope evidence for the genesis of Sechangi lead–zinc (–copper) deposit, Eastern Iran

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Pb–Zn Deposits within the Tuotuohe Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Ore Genesis

Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and C–H–O–S–Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Pb–Zn Deposits within the Tuotuohe Region of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Ore Genesis

Mineralogy, alteration, and sulfur isotope geochemistry of the Zehabad intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposit, NW Iran

Mapping of Regional-scale Multi-element Geochemical Anomalies Using Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms

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