Mineralization of nanohydroxyapatite on electrospun poly(l-lactic acid)/gelatin by an alternate soaking process: A biomimetic scaffold for bone regeneration

Abstract

Biomimetic nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning poly(l-lactic acid) and a blend of poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin to eliminate the use of collagen. The scaffolds were mineralized via alternate soaking in calcium and phosphate solutions, whereby 66.8% nanohydroxyapatite formation was successfully induced which is similar to that of native human bone (60%). The poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin scaffolds had uniform nanohydroxyapatite formation throughout the scaffold. The mineralization enhanced the tensile modulus and tensile strength without increasing the brittleness. The in vitro biocompatibility of scaffolds was evaluated with murine adipose tissue–derived stem cells. The scaffolds with nanohydroxyapatite aided cell attachment and promoted cell–cell interaction. The mineralization and osteocalcin expression of the murine adipose tissue–derived stem cells were maximum in the poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffold. Therefore, the gelatin and nanohydroxyapatite in poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds provided cues for the differentiation of murine adipose tissue–derived stem cells. The biochemical nature of poly(L-lactic acid)/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffold accelerated osteogenic differentiation and could be a potential candidate for bone regeneration.

Surface mineralized hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds based on poly(l‐lactide) and alginate enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells

“…Other similar studies performed by Samiei et al and Feng et al also showed less proliferation on the scaffold containing HA. They demonstrated the reason of this to the number of cells that differentiation path had been activated for them . Seyedjafari et al also got the same results about PLLA nanofibrous scaffold coated with HA compared with PLLA only scaffold.…”

“…They demonstrated the reason of this to the number of cells that differentiation path had been activated for them. 45,46 Seyedjafari et al 6 also got the same results about PLLA nanofibrous scaffold coated with HA compared with PLLA only scaffold. Consequently, it can be concluded that the reason of decrease in cell proliferation on SH scaffold was activation of hydroxyapatite differentiation signal.…”

Manufacturing and characterization of poly(lactic acid) composites with hydroxyapatite

“…The scaffolds were mineralized via alternate soaking in calcium and phosphate solutions leading to formation on homogeneous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The mineralization process remarkably improved the tensile modulus and the tensile strength whilst the brittleness was not increased [11]. Rakmae et al used bovine bone-based hydroxyapatite (b-HA) as bioactive filler in a poly(lactic acid)-PLA matrix.…”

Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers

“…Electrospun synthetic or biopolymer-based fibers typically have a low (~MPa) tensile modulus and strength [45–47]. In contrast, all nHAp-containing fibers here have a tensile strength and modulus similar or higher than those of other electrospun polymer-nHAp composite fiber mats reported in the literature [28, 46, 48].…”