Mineralization of labeled N from cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plant parts at two growth stages in sandy soil

Franzluebbers, Kathrin; Weaver, R. W.; Juo, A. S. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00010151

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The main factor explaining net N mineralization (in % of added-N, positive or negative) was the residue-N content and its organic C:N ratio (R). Numerous authors have found significant relationships between N mineralization of catch crop and green manure residues and their N contents (Franzluebbers et al 1994;ThorupKristensen 1994;Wivstad 1999) or their C:N ratio (Franzluebbers et al 1994;Quemada and Cabrera 1995;Clement et al 1998;Jensen et al 2005). No relationship was found between N mineralization and biochemical characteristics (contents in parietal compounds and polyphenols), which confirms the findings of Thorup-Kristensen (1994) and Clement et al (1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Quantifying and modelling C and N mineralization kinetics of catch crop residues in soil: parameterization of the residue decomposition module of STICS model for mature and non mature residues

Justes

Mary²,

Nicolardot³

2009

Plant Soil

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C and N mineralization kinetics of 25 catch crop (CC) residues, whose organic C:N ratio varied from 9.5 to 34.0, were studied during soil incubations under controlled conditions. Decomposition rates were rather similar for the different CC residues, 59% to 68% residue-C being mineralized after 168 days incubation. C mineralized during the first weeks was mainly correlated to the soluble C content of the residue. N mineralized from CC residues was much more variable (−4.9 to +38.0 mg N g −1 added C at day 168), and was mainly related to the organic N content in residues. C and N mineralization kinetics were simulated with STICS residue decomposition model, using the previous parameterization mostly based on mature crop residues (Nicolardot et al. Plant Soil 228:83-103, 2001). A reasonable agreement was found between measured and simulated C kinetics but N mineralization was underestimated by the model. A new parameterization was carried out to improve N predictions. The fitting procedure was first applied independently to each CC residue in order to optimise the five parameters of the model. The relationships found between each optimised parameter and the C:N ratio of CC residues were similar to those obtained previously, indicating that the same model was applicable to all residues. The parameters of these relationships were fitted on a combined dataset including CC and mature residues. The new parameterisation lead to better simulations for CC residues, the errors of prediction (RMSE) for C and N mineralization being 32 and 1.8 mg g −1 added C, respectively. For the whole dataset (68 residues), the RMSE were 50 and 3.3 mg g −1 added C. The prediction quality is satisfactory with respect to the model simplicity and the single criterion of residue quality (C:N ratio).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Quantifying and modelling C and N mineralization kinetics of catch crop residues in soil: parameterization of the residue decomposition module of STICS model for mature and non mature residues

Justes

Mary²,

Nicolardot³

2009

Plant Soil

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“…High rates of biomass and N accumulation have been observed previously at similar temperatures, where shoot biomass doubled over two weeks in cowpea (Franzluebbers et al, 1994). Mowing greatly reduced biomass, though there was moderate vegetative regrowth in the mowed treatment (Figure 1).…”

Section: Cover Crop Biomass and Nsupporting

confidence: 59%

Enhanced nitrogen mineralization in mowed or glyphosate treated cover crops compared to direct incorporation

Snapp

Borden

2005

Plant Soil

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Information on how management by mowing and herbicide alter residue quality and nitrogen (N) inputs would be valuable to improve prediction of N availability. Mowing and glyphosate application are widely used by growers to limit cover crop growth and facilitate incorporation. A mixture of cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), was investigated as a means to improve soil quality and optimize N availability. There is limited information on how mowing or glyphosate application influence cover crop decomposition and N mineralization from these heterogeneous residues. A rye cover crop was grown in the field over the winter and transferred to containers as an intact soil profile to conduct a greenhouse study. Management treatments (mowing and glyphosate) were imposed eight days before incorporation. Plant and soil N dynamics were monitored. The experiment was repeated with the addition of a tri-mixture cover crop. Inorganic NO − 3 in bare soil ranged from 6 to 10 µg N g soil −1 over 39 days. Similar or lower levels of soil NO − 3 were observed after rye residue incorporation, from 2 to 6 µg N g −1 ; consistent with N-immobilization. Application of untreated, mixed cover crop residues generally was associated with higher levels of soil inorganic NO − 3 , from 3 to 11 µg N g −1 . For both rye and mixed residues, management by mowing or glyphosate enhanced N mineralization by 10 to 100%, compared to untreated residues. At the same time, application of mowing or glyphosate 8 days before cover crop incorporation seemed to reduce the amount of residues by about half compared to untreated controls. Belowground biomass was reduced more than aboveground, although recovery of senescent roots may have been incomplete. Management by glyphosate or mowing enhanced soil inorganic N availability in the short-term while simultaneously reducing carbon and N inputs.

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“…The relationship between the C:N ratio or % N of plant residue and N min has been demonstrated in many studies but there is no consensus on the critical levels which result in either net N min or immobilization. Many soil science textbooks and technical agricultural publications suggest that residues with C:N ratios of <20-25:1 will result in net N min (Paul 2007;Sarrantonio 1994;Tisdale and Nelson 1975) yet a wider range from 20-40:1, has been documented to result in N min in both field and lab studies (Alexander 1977;Franzluebbers et al 1994;Iritani and Arnold 1959;Justes et al 2009;Vigil and Kissel 1991). Furthermore, soils managed under organic farming systems have been found to have greater organic carbon content, greater total soil N, and a more gradual release of inorganic N compared to their conventionally managed counterparts (Birkhofer et al 2008;Burger and Jackson 2003;Flieβbach et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short-term nitrogen mineralization from warm-season cover crops in organic farming systems

et al. 2015

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Background and aims Further understanding the factors which influence cover crop decomposition is needed to tailor management practices to achieve production and environmental stewardship goals. Methods Short-term N min from warm-season cover crops in organic farming systems was assessed with a variety of field and lab-based measures including: residue biochemical composition, extractable inorganic N, ion-exchange resin membranes, potential C min and N min . Results Residue biochemical composition and environmental conditions appeared to be the primary factors affecting short-term N min in our study. Legume-dominated cover crops demonstrated greater potential N min than grass cover crops with higher C:N ratios. However even cover crops with C:N ratios >40:1 were predicted to result in mean net N min rather than immobilization. Sorghumsudangrass demonstrated a greater ability to moderate nitrate loss from the top 0-15 cm of soil over the fall season compared to the other cover crops evaluated. Conclusions The difference in potential N min of low and high C:N ratio cover crops was not as appreciable as expected. Our data suggests that the microbial community reduced its carbon use efficiency (CUE) due to suboptimal soil moisture. Further investigation into the impacts of soil moisture on residue decomposition in agroecosystems is needed to better understand and manage short-term C and N cycling.

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Mineralization of labeled N from cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plant parts at two growth stages in sandy soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Quantifying and modelling C and N mineralization kinetics of catch crop residues in soil: parameterization of the residue decomposition module of STICS model for mature and non mature residues

Quantifying and modelling C and N mineralization kinetics of catch crop residues in soil: parameterization of the residue decomposition module of STICS model for mature and non mature residues

Enhanced nitrogen mineralization in mowed or glyphosate treated cover crops compared to direct incorporation

Short-term nitrogen mineralization from warm-season cover crops in organic farming systems

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