Mineralization of Hydrochlorothiazide using Hydrogen Peroxide in Subcritical Water

Abstract

In this paper, we investigated the mineralization of hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic drug which is used for the treatment of hypertension, using H2O2 as the oxidizing agent in subcritical water as a medium. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize experimental parameters such as temperature, treatment time, and concentration of the oxidizing agent. The highest TOC removal was obtained as 85.22% in 147.3 minutes of treatment time at 403 K using 80 mM of hydrogen peroxide. The reliability of the performed method was evaluated by ANOVA and the theoretical equation of TOC removal of hydrochlorothiazide was proposed. F and p values of the model were determined as 62.88 and lower than 0.0001, respectively.

Stoichiometric Excess of H2O2 as Strategy of Oxidant Dosing for Intensifying Both Degradation and Mineralization of the Hydrochlorothiazide via UVCH2O2, Dark-Fenton, and Photo-Fenton

“…All of them are capable to fully degrade HCT but rarely mineralize it. Except by the oxidation under the conditions of subcritical water [13], to which 85.22% HCT mineralization within 147 minutes was found; however, the authors used [13], according to our calculations, an astonishingly high excess of stoichiometric concentrations of H2O2, around 17,620 excess for mineralization. Furthermore, it was recently observed a fast HCT degradation rate with UV-H2O2 [7] that, according to our calculations, was achieved with an H2O2 excess of 0.215 for mineralization.…”

“…Advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) [1][2][3][4][5] are suitable for attaining effective oxidation of HCT. Among the AOPs currently tested for oxidizing HCT, it is found processes like UV-H2O2 [6,7], UV/K2S2O8 [7], ozonation [8][9][10], photo-(electro)catalytic oxidation [11], electro-oxidation [12] and also the unusual H2O2 chemical oxidation in subcritical water [13]. All of them are capable to fully degrade HCT but rarely mineralize it.…”

Evaluation of Chemical Content and Radical Scavenging Activity of Allium vineale L. Extract and Its Elemental Analysis

“…The experimental set-up as shown in previous work was used for SWE extraction experiments. 18 The Soxhlet apparatus was used in the Soxhlet extraction process.…”

“…The methanolic extract of A. vineale was analysed by GC-MS to identify its chemical composition. GC-MS was operated by the method given in the previous work 18 . A certified reference material, C 7 -C 40 saturated alkane mixture, which contains each C 7 -C 40 component in a concentration of 1000 μg in mL of hexane was used to determine the Kováts index of identified compounds.…”