Mineralization in Rust-coloured<i>Acarospora</i>

Purvis, O. W.; Kearsley, A. T.; Cressey, G.; Crewe, Anna T.; Wedin, Mats

doi:10.1080/01490450802006496

Cited by 7 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Analysis confirmed that the distinctive colours are not due simply to hydrated iron oxides, “rust”, as previously believed, and suggested that mixed sulphide and oxide phases with little crystallinity, as well as other elements arising from clay minerals, are present. As the rust‐coloured taxa in the investigation by Purvis et al. (2008) lack secondary metabolites, variations in lichen colour due to secondary metabolite metal complexes are not a factor, as previously suggested for Cu in A. smaragdula (Purvis et al., 1985, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Species delimitation and evolution of metal bioaccumulation in the lichenized Acarospora smaragdula (Ascomycota, Fungi) complex

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The crustose lichenized fungi in the Acarosporaceae are splendid examples of organisms managing to survive in extremely harsh environments, such as highly mineralized rocks and low-pH habitats. Some representatives of the Acarospora smaragdula complex are known to accumulate substantial amounts of potentially toxic metals including iron and copper, resulting in populations with highly divergent coloration and morphology. These populations have often been treated as distinct species by lichen taxonomists. Parsimony and parsimony jackknifing analyses of b-tubulin, nuclear ITS rDNA, and mtSSU rDNA sequence data sets was used to investigate the evolution of iron and copper accumulation and the production of the secondary compound norstictic acid in populations within the A. smaragdula species complex in Sweden, with additional samples mainly from Norway and the UK. Phylogenetic species recognition (concordance of single-gene phylogenies) was used to investigate species delimitations. Seven species are recognized in the complex. Atypically green, copper-accumulating samples, often given species rank, do not form a distinct group but are nested within A. smaragdula s. str., indicating that this ability is widespread in this species. Rust-coloured, iron-accumulating samples form two well supported separate groups, indicating that two morphologically distinct, obligate, ironaccumulating species are present, but facultatively iron-accumulating populations occur in at least one additional species. Norstictic acid, sometimes claimed to characterize the whole A. smaragdula complex, is only present in A. smaragdula s. str. The evolutionary significance of metal accumulation in Acarospora is discussed, as is the significance of our results for the application of phylogenetic species recognition ⁄ gene tree concordance-based species recognition, and DNA barcoding.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Purvis et al. (2008) reviewed investigations on the rusty substances in the cortex of A. smaragdula “f.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species delimitation and evolution of metal bioaccumulation in the lichenized Acarospora smaragdula (Ascomycota, Fungi) complex

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Metal oxalates form part of the potential extracellular metal detoxification mechanisms in lichens and non-lichenised fungi (Purvis, 1984; Wilson and Jones, 1984; Fomina et al, 2006; Purvis and Skowronska, 2008; l Gadd, 2011). The di-hydrated oxalates of Co, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn, completely isomorphous with respect to each other, are likely to occur where lichens colonise suitable substrates thus providing a possible detoxification mechanism to protect the lichen from theses cations.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation and interaction of saxicolous crustose lichens with metals

Purvis

2014

Bot Stud

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most successful mechanisms enabling fungi to survive in extreme subaerial environments is by formation of mutualistic symbioses with algae and/or cyanobacteria as lichens. Collections, field and mineral weathering studies and developments in modern instrumental and analytical techniques have considerably advanced knowledge in understanding tolerance mechanisms to stress, environmental adaptation, species concepts and evolutionary processes in lichens colonising metalliferous habitats. This review focuses on the predominantly saxicolous, crustose, taxonomically notoriously challenging Acarospora sens. lat. Pioneering studies investigating element and substance localization in Acarospora sens. lat. in different geological terrains led to the discovery of novel fixation mechanisms, new minerals and substances associated with lichens, and new taxa and evolutionary lineages. Acarospora sens. lat. are generally under-represented in collections. Systematic sampling of Acarospora sens. lat. and other saxicolous lichens, in different mineralogical environments is now required, a priority being those occurring in extreme habitats at risk from climatic and other environmental changes. The potential for the discovery of new lichen and mineral species associated with Acarospora and other saxicolous crustose lichens, is high. These may represent special mechanisms to tolerate metal toxicity and other forms of environmental stress, including photoprotection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-23) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…Iron was found to be associated with sulphur and oxygen in samples of Acarospora sinopica and 'A. smaragdula f. subochracea' (= Silobia dilatata) from Sweden (Purvis et al 2008a) and Acarospora sinopica from Parys Mountain (Purvis et al 2008b). This suggests mixed sulphide and oxide phases with little crystallinity and other elements from clay minerals were present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some representatives of the A. smaragdula complex are known to accumulate potentially toxic metals to several percent of their dry weight (Purvis 2001;Purvis et al 1985Purvis et al , 2000Purvis et al , 2008b. Norstictic acid containing populations growing on copper rich rocks (or else influenced by Cu-rich run-off) typically have a yellowgreen colour attributed to the formation of a Cu-norstictic acid complex in the cortex (Purvis et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%