Mineralization and Assimilation in Soil–Plant Systems

Powlson, D. S.; Barraclough, D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-092407-6.50013-4

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The dynamics of nitrate in the soil and vegetation of the buffer strip were monitored with nitrogen isotopes, which are stable and nonradioactive (Powlson and Barraclough, 1993). We used an 15 N-enriched tracer, and the natural abundance background levels of 15 N was measured before the application.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing soil nitrate with cover crops and buffer strips in Sicilian vineyards

et al. 2013

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Abstract. When soil nitrate levels are low, plants suffer nitrogen (N) deficiency but when the levels are excessive, soil nitrates can pollute surface and subsurface waters. Strategies to reduce the nitrate pollution are necessary to reach a sustainable use of resources such as soil, water and plant. Buffer strips and cover crops can contribute to the management of soil nitrates, but little is known of their effectiveness in semiarid vineyards plantations. The research was carried out in the south coast of Sicily (Italy) to evaluate nitrate trends in a vineyard managed both conventionally and using two different cover crops (Triticum durum and Vicia sativa cover crop). A 10 m-wide buffer strip was seeded with Lolium perenne at the bottom of the vineyard. Soil nitrate was measured monthly and nitrate movement was monitored by application of a 15 N tracer to a narrow strip between the bottom of vineyard and the buffer and non-buffer strips. Lolium perenne biomass yield in the buffer strips and its isotopic nitrogen content were monitored. Vicia sativa cover crop management contributed with an excess of nitrogen, and the soil management determined the nitrogen content at the buffer areas. A 6 m buffer strip reduced the nitrate by 42 % with and by 46 % with a 9 m buffer strip. Thanks to catch crops, farmers can manage the N content and its distribution into the soil over the year, can reduced fertilizer wastage and reduce N pollution of surface and groundwater.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing soil nitrate with cover crops and buffer strips in Sicilian vineyards

et al. 2013

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“…The amount of total fertilizer N recovered in each ecosystem component from the labeled 15 N fertilizer was calculated using a mass balance tracer technique that compared individual ecosystem component 15 N prior to and 1 year after N fertilization [32,67,68]. Once the fertilizer N recovery for each individual ecosystem component was determined, the fertilizer N recovery for each individual component was summed on a per plot basis to calculate total fertilizer N recovery for the entire plot.…”

Section: Calculation Of Fertilizer N Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Fate of Applied Nitrogen in Pine Plantations of the Southeastern United States Using 15N Enriched Fertilizers

Raymond

Fox

Strahm

2016

Forests

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This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of using enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEFs) products compared to urea to improve fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (FNUE) in forest plantations. All fertilizer treatments were labeled with 15 N (0.5 atom percent) and applied to 100 m 2 circular plots at 12 loblolly pine stands (Pinus taeda L.) across the southeastern United States. Total fertilizer N recovery for fertilizer treatments was determined by sampling all primary ecosystem components and using a mass balance calculation. Significantly more fertilizer N was recovered for all EEFs compared to urea, but there were generally no differences among EEFs. The total fertilizer N ecosystem recovery ranged from 81.9% to 84.2% for EEFs compared to 65.2% for urea. The largest amount of fertilizer N recovered for all treatments was in the loblolly pine trees (EEFs: 38.5%-49.9%, urea: 34.8%) and soil (EEFs: 30.6%-38.8%, urea: 28.4%). This research indicates that a greater ecosystem fertilizer N recovery for EEFs compared to urea in southeastern pine plantations can potentially lead to increased FNUE in these systems.

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“…Therefore, we used the "negative discard method" for sampling (Powlson and Barraclough 1993). This method requires 1) that a larger plot than where 15 N was applied should be harvested to collect as much of the labelled 15 N as possible and 2) that the subsample was mixed very thoroughly before the 15 N analysis.…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of four plant species on soil 15N-access and herbage yield in temporary agricultural grasslands

et al. 2013

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Background and aims We carried out field experiments to investigate if an agricultural grassland mixture comprising shallow-(perennial ryegrass: Lolium perenne L.; white clover: Trifolium repens L.) and deep-(chicory: Cichorium intybus L.; Lucerne: Medicago sativa L.) rooting grassland species has greater herbage yields than a shallowrooting two-species mixture and pure stands, if deep-rooting grassland species are superior in accessing soil 15 N from 1.2 m soil depth compared with shallow-rooting plant species and vice versa, if a mixture of deep-and shallow-rooting plant species has access to greater amounts of soil 15 N compared with a shallow-rooting binary mixture, and if leguminous plants affect herbage yield and soil 15 N-access. Methods 15 N-enriched ammonium-sulphate was placed at three different soil depths (0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 m) to determine the depth dependent soil 15 Naccess of pure stands, two-species and four-species grassland communities. Results Herbage yield and soil 15 N-access of the mixture including deep-and shallow-rooting grassland species were generally greater than the pure stands and the two-species mixture, except for herbage yield in pure stand lucerne. This positive plant diversity effect could not be explained by complementary soil 15 N-access of the different plant species from 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 m soil depths, even though deep- Conclusions Our study showed that increased plant diversity in agricultural grasslands can have positive effects on the environment (improved N use may lead to reduced N leaching) and agricultural production (increased herbage yield). A complementary effect between legumes and non-leguminous plants and increasing plant diversity had a greater positive impact on herbage yield compared with complementary vertical soil 15 N-access.Plant Soil DOI 10.1007/s11104-013-1694-0 Responsible Editor

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Mineralization and Assimilation in Soil–Plant Systems

Cited by 89 publications

References 46 publications

Managing soil nitrate with cover crops and buffer strips in Sicilian vineyards

Managing soil nitrate with cover crops and buffer strips in Sicilian vineyards

Understanding the Fate of Applied Nitrogen in Pine Plantations of the Southeastern United States Using 15N Enriched Fertilizers

Effect of four plant species on soil 15N-access and herbage yield in temporary agricultural grasslands

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