Mineral Scales in Oil and Gas Fields

Hussein, Abdullah

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99118-6.00004-6

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The coproduced water usually contains impurities such as minerals (Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ), dissolved gases (CO 2 and H 2 S), and microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), which eventually pose unwanted problems to the production process . For instance, Ca 2+ can react with dissolved CO 2 (in the form of HCO 3 – ) to precipitate out inorganic compounds called scales . Also, in conditions of very low temperatures and high pressures, the water molecules themselves entrap some gaseous hydrocarbon molecules to form crystalline compounds called gas hydrates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 For instance, Ca 2+ can react with dissolved CO 2 (in the form of HCO 3 – ) to precipitate out inorganic compounds called scales. 3 Also, in conditions of very low temperatures and high pressures, the water molecules themselves entrap some gaseous hydrocarbon molecules to form crystalline compounds called gas hydrates. 4 Both gas hydrates and scales can accumulate as very hard solids that block the normal flow of the pipelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Using Maleic Anhydride: N-Isopropylmethacrylamide Copolymer and Small Thiols

Pomicpic,

Kelland

2023

ACS Omega

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Kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) are often used in combination with film-forming corrosion inhibitors (CIs) in oilfield production flow lines. However, CIs can be antagonistic to KHI performance. In this study, maleic anhydride-co-N-isopropylmethacrylamide copolymer (MA:NIPMAM) and its derivatives were successfully synthesized and tested for gas hydrate and corrosion inhibition. KHI slow constant cooling (1 °C/h) screening tests in high-pressure rocking cells with synthetic natural gas and CO2 corrosion bubble tests in brine were performed in this study. The results revealed that underivatized MA:NIPMAM in water (as maleic acid:NIPMAM copolymer) showed poor KHI performance, probably due to internal hydrogen bonding. However, derivatization of MA:NIPMAM with 3-(dibutylamino)-1-propylamine (DBAPA) to give MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA gave excellent gas hydrate inhibition performance but only weak corrosion inhibition performance. Unlike some KHI polymers, MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA was compatible with a classic fatty acid imidazoline CI, such that neither the KHI polymer performance nor the corrosion inhibition of the imidazoline was affected. Furthermore, excellent dual gas hydrate and corrosion inhibition was also achieved in blends of MA:NIPMAM-DBAPA with small thiol-based molecules. In particular, the addition of butyl thioglycolate not only gave excellent corrosion inhibition efficiency, better than adding the fatty imidazoline, but also enhanced the overall gas hydrate inhibition performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%