Mineral particles collected in china and japan during the same Asian dust-storm event

Fan, Xiao-Biro; Okada, Kikuo; Niimura, Noriko; Kai, Kenji; Arao, Kimio; Shi, Guangyu; Qin, Yu; Mitsuta, Yasushi

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00271-y

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Element marked by an asterisk in the X-ray spectrum is not originating from the particle. K. Okada,279 reported by Fan et al (1996). Figure 3 shows the percentages of mineral particles mixed internally with sea salt in all the mineral particles collected in Nagasaki during the period of 26 April to 10 May 1991.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The air parcel (700hPa) was located to the southwest of Beijing at the same time (dashed line). Fan et al (1996) stated that this dust-storm was originated from near Ulaanbaatar and it was triggered by the strong wind behind a cold front from the north. It is considered that the dust-storm event observed on 1 May in Nagasaki was the same event as that observed on 30 April in Beijing.…”

Section: Cloud Distributions During the Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Niimura

Okada²,

Fan

et al. 1998

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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In the spring of 1991, individual aerosol particles were collected on electron microscopic grids in Beijing (China) and Nagasaki (Japan). In order to study the change in the chemical composition of Asian duststorm particles during transport, the dust particles were examined using an electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. An isentropic backward-trajectory analysis was carried out in order to obtain the transport path of the dust-storm particles. Spatial distributions of clouds by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) were also used in order to examine the presence of clouds along the transport path.Asian dust-storm particles mixed internally with sea salt (mixed particles) ranged from 16 to 100% among the dust particles in the air over Nagasaki. For the two cases that the same dust-storm events were observed in Beijing and Nagasaki, dust-storm particles containing sea salt were present abundantly in Nagasaki in a case that the air would have been influenced largely by clouds in the maritime atmosphere during the transport. It is suggested that these mixed dust-storm particles were formed by cloud processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Cloud Distributions During the Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Niimura

Okada²,

Fan

et al. 1998

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…Traffic and coal burning, accountable for the high levels of NO x and SO 2 , are also the main producers of soil and coal ash mineral particles (Hien et al 2001(Hien et al , 2004Begum et al 2004;Gwilliam et al 2004). Previous comparative studies of dust particles collected in China and Japan during similar dust storm episodes show that sea salt and sulfur accumulate on dust particles during the transportation from China to Japan (Zhou et al 1994;Fan et al 1996). Zhang et al (2003) studied the mixture of Asian dust particles collected in southwestern Japan in the spring of 2000 by SEM-EDX.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and composition of the falling dust in urban environment

Al‐Harbi

2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The monthly total amount of dust fall, as well as its chemical and physical characteristics, was systematically investigated in Shuwaikh city, Kuwait. Dust samples were collected on a monthly basis for the entire year of 2009 and analyzed in the laboratory for water-soluble and water-insoluble matter. Water-insoluble matter represented the major portion of the total annual dust. ANOVAs showed significant temporal variation in the concentration of dust fall over the months (p \ 0.05). Higher dust deposits were encountered between June and August and ranged from 76.4 to 97.6 ± 2.5 (SD) ton km -2 month -1 , where dusty winds and low humidity are a common attribute in such arid areas. The main three soluble matter species measured are nitrate, sulfate, and chloride, and sulfate was found to be the most abundant inorganic species, ranging from 0.72 ± 0.13 to 4.1 ± 0.3 ton km -2 -month -1 . Major insoluble matter species measured are ash, silica, combustible, and tarry. Ash, silica, and combustible account for 63, 19, and 17.8 % of total insoluble dust, and 58.4, 17.7, and 16.6 % of total dust, respectively. Particle size distribution was also investigated, and results showed that dust particles[7 lm were the highest concentration of falling dust. Metrological conditions were found to play a vital role in temporal variations in falling dust.

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“…Several observations of aeolian dust both at ground and sea level have been made during dust events in the eastern part of China (e.g., Fan et al 1996;Zhang et al 2003a), in Japan (e.g., Niimura et al 1994; Zhang et al 2003b), and in the North Pacific Ocean (e.g., Duce et al 1980;Uematsu et al 1983). As aeolian dust floats in the atmosphere, in-situ observation within the upper atmosphere is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, estimation of the effects of green house gases and some kinds of aerosol species have been accomplished, but there remains many uncertainties about the effect of mineral particles, such as aeolian dust, owing principally to a lack of field observations (e.g., IPCC 2001). To fully estimate the influence of aeolian dust on the radiation budget, information is required on the temporal and spatial distributions of mineral particles, as well as size distribution, composition, and shape (Mishchenko et al 1997;Sokolik and Toon 1999;Mikami et al 2002).Several observations of aeolian dust both at ground and sea level have been made during dust events in the eastern part of China (e.g., Fan et al 1996;Zhang et al 2003a), in Japan (e.g., Niimura et al 1994; Zhang et al 2003b), and in the North Pacific Ocean (e.g., Duce et al 1980;Uematsu et al 1983). As aeolian dust floats in the atmosphere, in-situ observation within the upper atmosphere is desirable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amount and State of Mineral Particles in the Upper Mixed Layer and the Lower Free Troposphere over Mt. Raizan, Southwestern Japan: Unmanned Airplane Measurements in the Spring of 2003

Yamashita

Hayashi

Irie

et al. 2005

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The number fractions of mineral particles mixed with sea salt of all the mineral particles in the mixed layer were much higher than those in the free troposphere. These results suggest that mineral particles mixed with sea salt were formed in the marine boundary layer. The weather record suggests that the formation process through the clouds, which has previously been considered an efficient formation process for mixed particles, cannot explain sufficiently the observed abundance of mineral particles internally mixed with sea salt. IntroductionAeolian dust, drifting from the arid and semiarid regions of the center of the Asian continent, is known to cause dust storms and dust events. The aeolian dust is transported effectively by the westerly wind in the free troposphere and dispersed widely over East Asia and the Northwest Pacific (e.g., Iwasaka et al. 1983). Dust storms cause not only significant damage to agriculture and other human activities in these regions, but also have an impact on the global climate through direct and indirect effects on the radiation budget of the atmosphere. So far, estimation of the effects of green house gases and some kinds of aerosol species have been accomplished, but there remains many uncertainties about the effect of mineral particles, such as aeolian dust, owing principally to a lack of field observations (e.g., IPCC 2001). To fully estimate the influence of aeolian dust on the radiation budget, information is required on the temporal and spatial distributions of mineral particles, as well as size distribution, composition, and shape (Mishchenko et al. 1997;Sokolik and Toon 1999;Mikami et al. 2002).Several observations of aeolian dust both at ground and sea level have been made during dust events in the eastern part of China (e.g., Fan et al. 1996;Zhang et al. 2003a), in Japan (e.g., Niimura et al. 1994; Zhang et al. 2003b), and in the North Pacific Ocean (e.g., Duce et al. 1980;Uematsu et al. 1983). As aeolian dust floats in the atmosphere, in-situ observation within the upper atmosphere is desirable. Although observations from aircraft and balloons are useful for this purpose, it is difficult to make observation frequently because of the cost and, in the case of balloon, it is difficult to recover the instruments and the samples.We have developed an unmanned radiocontrolled airplane system suitable for frequent observation of aerosols in the lower atmosphere, for example in the mixed layer . Using this system, in-situ observations of size distribution and number mixing ratios, and sampling of aerosol particles were carried out in the spring of 2003 over Mt. Raizan, SW Japan (Fig. 1). The aim of this paper is to show the results of these observations including the elemental composition of the aerosol particles in the upper mixed layer and lower free troposphere, and to discuss

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Mineral particles collected in china and japan during the same Asian dust-storm event

Cited by 104 publications

References 9 publications

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Formation of Asian Dust-Storm Particles Mixed Internally with Sea Salt in the Atmosphere

Characteristics and composition of the falling dust in urban environment

Amount and State of Mineral Particles in the Upper Mixed Layer and the Lower Free Troposphere over Mt. Raizan, Southwestern Japan: Unmanned Airplane Measurements in the Spring of 2003

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