Mineral Occurrence in Soil Environments

Allen, Brett L.; Hajek, B. F.

doi:10.2136/sssabookser1.2ed.c5

Cited by 167 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…Evidence for mixed Ca-P and Al-P associations in the WW-Al/O-WTR material was given by P K-edge XANES, yet without conclusive evidence for precipitates of P-Al-Ca (Massey et al, 2018). Mineral phases of P-Al-Ca are potentially stable in systems with the components CaO-Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 -H 2 O (Lindsay et al, 1962;Allen and Hajek, 1989). The distribution of the ternary association P-Al-Ca in the WW-Al/ O-WTR included particles interior and was not limited to surface edges as in the Al-WTR (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Wastewater On Phosphorus Sorption Behavior Onto Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics in Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 1. Isotherms, XRD, and SEM‐EDS Analysis

et al. 2018

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We examined P sorption characteristics in Al-based water treatment residuals (Al-WTR) generated from slightly alkaline surface water and in an organic residual composite (WW-Al/O-WTR), produced by using the Al-WTR to treat organic-rich and high P concentration dairy wastewater. Solids from both residuals were examined using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and exposed to P additions of 0 to 4000 mg L in a sorption experiment. The Al-WTR removed ∼97% of the added P, whereas WW-Al/O-WTR removed only 78% of the added P in the addition range of 0 to 100 mg P L. With P additions of ≥100 mg L, the removal rate declined to <38% by Al-WTR and to 16% by WW-Al/O-WTR, possibly implying a change in sorption mechanisms. Analysis by XRD indicated that the major mineral was calcite, with some silica and poorly crystalline Al hydroxides. Analysis by SEM-EDS, which used three-element overlay maps of the residual surfaces, indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces, along with a few clusters, even at low P concentrations of the treated waters. Ternary clusters of P, Al, and Ca were more abundant on the WW-Al/O-WTR. Carbon distribution suggested that organic substances covered Al surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR may be reversible due to relatively weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties, enhancing the WW-Al/O-WTR potential to act as a P source, rather than a P sink, in agricultural applications.

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Section: Effects Of Wastewater On Phosphorus Sorption Behavior Onto Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics in Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 1. Isotherms, XRD, and SEM‐EDS Analysis

et al. 2018

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“…These oxides can contain REE in soils (Palumbo et al, 2001). Gibbsite is a product of extremely advanced weathering (Allen and Hajek, 1989). Thus, the subhumid and dry zones do not exhibit favorable conditions for the genesis of gibbsite in soil.…”

Section: Clay Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earth element geochemistry during weathering of S‐type granites from dry to humid climates of Brazil

Silva

Nascimento

Biondi

et al. 2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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S‐type granites are igneous rock types that are widespread in all continental crust. These granites play a key role in global weathering patterns and can be important economic ores of rare earth elements (REEs). This study provides insights into the geochemical and mineralogical signatures of REEs in S‐type granites and their derived soil profiles along a climosequence from dry to humid climates of Brazil. Mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and soil analyses (physical and chemical) were used to evaluate the geochemistry of REEs in rock and soil samples. The granites were characterized as strongly peraluminous, being classified as typical S‐types. Both the granites and their derived soils contained high contents of REEs, with monazite and apatite being the major source of REEs. The high enrichment of light REEs (LRREs) in monazite and apatite explained the REE fractionation evidenced in the S‐type granites. The normalized REE distribution patterns for soil profiles along the climosequence revealed the fractionation between light and heavy REEs (HREEs). The ratio of La/YbN > 1 also confirmed the LREEs/HREEs fractionation. The mineralogical composition of the parent material and the clay minerals (kaolintes) seemed to govern the fractionation between LREEs and HREEs in these soils. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) values, REE fractionation and kaolinite proportions in soil profiles increased from dry to humid climates. These results suggest that the degree of weathering plays an important role in the type and volume of secondary minerals, as well as the REE fractionation. Among the phyllosilicates, kaolinite seems to be the most important adsorbent of light REE. The higher positive Eu anomalies with advanced weathering are explained by the breakdown of plagioclase. The weathering of monazite and apatite was the main reason for the slight negative Ce anomalies in the soil profiles. This study can be used to comprehend the geochemistry of REEs in other parts of the tropics underlain by S‐type granites.

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“…Iron-titanium (Fe-Ti) oxides are accessary minerals in many soils. (Allen and Hajek 1989;Milnes and Fitzpatrick 1989). Chemical compositions of these oxides are conveniently displayed on the TiO 2 -FeO-1/2Fe 2 O 3 ternary diagram (Butler 1992).…”

Section: Titanomagnetite and Ilmenitementioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Minerals

Nanzyo¹,

Kanno²

2018

Inorganic Constituents in Soil

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This chapter introduces the primary minerals that are relatively common in soils. It first presents the accepted views on the elemental compositions of the Earth's crust, rocks, and minerals. Soils at the top of the Earth's crust are also within the rock cycle. Silicate and silica minerals, which constitute more than 90% of the minerals in the Earth' crust, are outlined. Samples of relatively un-weathered and weathered primary minerals were obtained from new volcanic ash and soils derived from granitic rocks, respectively. Quartz is highly resistant to weathering, whereas biotite in soil is altered in moist climates. The composition of primary minerals in soils is affected by the types of parent rocks, weathering, sorting, and other soilforming factors, resulting in mineral compositions that deviate from the average mineral composition of the Earth's crust.

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Mineral Occurrence in Soil Environments

Cited by 167 publications

References 285 publications

Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics in Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 1. Isotherms, XRD, and SEM‐EDS Analysis

Phosphorus Sorption Characteristics in Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 1. Isotherms, XRD, and SEM‐EDS Analysis

Rare earth element geochemistry during weathering of S‐type granites from dry to humid climates of Brazil

Primary Minerals

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