Mineral nutrients, photosynthetic pigments and storage carbohydrates in turions of 21 aquatic plant species

Characteristics of turion development in two aquatic carnivorous plants: Hormonal profiles, gas exchange and mineral nutrient content

“…(UA, Lentibulariaceae) are submerged rootless, non‐attached carnivorous plants forming distinct dormant turions in response to temperature decrease, which fully mature and detach in October–November (Adamec, 2003, 2008, 2018a). The selection of these two model species was based on the availability of dozens of individuals in a common outdoor culture and also on the many ecophysiological studies that have been conducted on these species and their turions (for review, see Adamec, 2018a, 2018b; Adamec et al, 2020, 2022). Adult plants of AV (origin from E Poland, voucher PL 0 HBT 2017.04079) and UA (from Třeboň Basin, S Bohemia, Czech Republic, voucher CZ 0 HBT 2017.04056) were grown outdoors in a 1.5 m 3 plastic container (~50 cm deep) together with Trapa natans and Ceratophyllum submersum within the Collection of aquatic and wetland plants of the Institute of Botany CAS at Třeboň, Czech Republic (Figure S1).…”

“…Specific overwintering organs—turions or winter buds—are very common in subtropical to subarctic zones and are formed in at least 14 genera from nine plant families of aquatic vascular plants, in basal angiosperms, monocots, and eudicots (Adamec, 2018a; Adamec et al, 2020; Bartley & Spence, 1987; Sculthorpe, 1967). The evolution of turions is thus typically polyphyletic and represents functional convergency.…”

“…Starch and free sugars are obviously the main reserve substances in many tested species, but their levels and ratios are very variable among species (Adamec et al, 2020). Moreover, turions are storage organs for some mineral nutrients (at least N, P, S, and Mg), but this trait is less marked than that for carbohydrates (Adamec, 2010(Adamec, , 2018aAdamec et al, 2020). Although turions contain chlorophylls and carotenoids at sufficient levels (Adamec et al, 2020) their net photosynthetic rate (P N ) is around zero even under optimal conditions (Adamec, 2011(Adamec, , 2018a.…”

“…Mature turions accumulate starch, free sugars, reserve proteins, lipids, and amino acids (see Adamec, 2018a, and the literature therein). Starch and free sugars are obviously the main reserve substances in many tested species, but their levels and ratios are very variable among species (Adamec et al, 2020). Moreover, turions are storage organs for some mineral nutrients (at least N, P, S, and Mg), but this trait is less marked than that for carbohydrates (Adamec, 2010(Adamec, , 2018aAdamec et al, 2020).…”

The Growth of Vallisneria natans and Its Epiphytic Biofilm in Simulated Nutrient-Rich Flowing Water

“…Soluble sugar concentration in plants most often indicates the carbon nutrition of plants, which is an important intermediate product of photosynthesis, respiration and carbohydrate storage of plants. Carbon nutrition in plants and the subsequent benefits play an important role in the C-N metabolism of plants [33][34][35]. On the other hand, under the stress of high salinity and hypoxia, plants accumulate a certain amount of osmotic adjustment substances, such as soluble sugar and proteins, to improve the concentration of cell fluid and adaptation to the stress environment.…”