Mineral Nutrients and Plant-Fungal Interaction in Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.)

Sousa, Hélio R.; Jesus, Raildo Mota de; Bezerra, Marcos Almeida; Silva, Vinnícius H. C. da; Silva, André L. S. da; Alves, Juscelia Pereira Santos; Santana, Gregório Mateus; Souza, J. O.

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20200184

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This result indicates that the impact of MTTD is nutrient-specific. It also corroborates a study showing the variable effects of diseases on the nutrient content of citrus [36], coconut palm [45], and cacao [46]. For example, in Valencia orange, the severity of the citrus decline index is negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, S, and B and positively correlated with high leaf N, P, K, Cu, and Mn indices in the leaves [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In cacao, leaves infected with witches' broom disease caused by Monoliophtora perniciosa had lower Ca, Mg, S, Fe, and Mn contents in healthy leaves than diseased leaves. Moreover, P and Cu contents were higher in diseased leaves than in healthy leaves, but N, K, and Zn were comparable between healthy leaves and leaves of vegetative broom, indicating differential changes in the concentration of nutrients in the presence of M. perniciosa infection [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Impact of Twig-Tip Dieback on Leaf Nutrient Status and Resorption Efficiency of Mango Trees

Asis,

Niscioli

2024

Preprint

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Mango twig-tip dieback (MTTD) is a new type of mango decline, but its impact on the trees’ mineral nutrition is unknown. This study was conducted to determine the effect of MTTD infection on the nutrient status, balance, and resorption efficiency (RE) of mango. Leaf nutrient concentrations and deviation from the optimum percentage (DOP) indices of ‘Kensington Pride’ (KP) mango trees with low (LD) and high (HD) levels of MTTD infections were analyzed to compare the foliar nutrition status and nutrient balance between the LD and HD trees. Moreover, the nutrient resorption efficiency of MTTD-infected dried leaves (RED) was compared with the resorption efficiency of healthy (RES) leaves of KP mangoes. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were lower in the HD trees than in the LD trees. But the K content was higher in the HD trees, and its DOP index was sufficient, while the K concentration was low and deficient level in LD trees. Moreover, DOP indices for Ca, Mn, and Zn were less deficient in LD trees than in HD trees, and overall nutrient imbalances were exacerbated in HD trees. RED was significantly lower than RES for N, P, S, Cu, Fe, and Zn but significantly higher than RES for K. The study underscores the significant influence of MTTD on the mineral nutrition of KP mangoes, revealing distinct nutrient variations between trees with low and high MTTD infection levels. These findings have important implications for mango crop management, emphasizing the need for targeted nutrient interventions to address imbalances induced by MTTD and enhance the overall health and resistance of mango trees against MTTD infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Impact of Twig-Tip Dieback on Leaf Nutrient Status and Resorption Efficiency of Mango Trees

Asis,

Niscioli

2024

Preprint

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“…Lower concentrations in MITC-331 leaves of micronutrients including manganese and iron ( Table 1 ) could also have played a role, as cacao trees infected by a fungal pathogen were found to be lower in these micronutrients than healthy trees in one field study . ( 72 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllosphere microbial diversity and specific taxa mediate within-cultivar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in cacao

Schmidt,

Puig,

DuVal

et al. 2023

mSphere

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The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora , which causes black pod rot (BPR) on cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.), is responsible for devastating yield losses worldwide. Genetic variation in resistance to Phytophthora spp. is well documented among cacao cultivars, but variation has also been observed in the incidence of BPR even among trees of the same cultivar. In light of evidence that the naturally occurring phyllosphere microbiome can influence foliar disease resistance in other host-pathogen systems, it was hypothesized that differences in the phyllosphere microbiome between two field accessions of the cultivar Gainesville II 164 could be responsible for their contrasting resistance to P. palmivora . Bacterial alpha diversity was higher but fungal alpha diversity was lower in the more resistant accession MITC-331, and the accessions harbored phyllosphere microbiomes with distinct community compositions. Six bacterial and 82 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) differed in relative abundance between MITC-333 and MITC-331, including bacterial putative biocontrol agents and a high proportion of fungal pathogens, and nine fungal ASVs were correlated with increased lesion development. The roles of contrasting light availability and host mineral nutrition, particularly potassium, are also discussed. Results of this preliminary study can be used to guide research into microbiome-informed integrated pest management strategies effective against Phytophthora spp. in cacao. IMPORTANCE Up to 40% of the world’s cacao is lost each year to diseases, the most devastating of which is black pod rot, caused by Phytophthora palmivora . Though disease resistance is often attributed to cacao genotypes (i.e., disease-resistant rootstocks), this study highlights the role of the microbiome in contributing to differences in resistance even among accessions of the same cacao cultivar. Future studies of plant-pathogen interactions may need to account for variation in the host microbiome, and optimizing the cacao phyllosphere microbiome could be a promising new direction for P. palmivora resistance research.

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“…Ca indirectly reduces disease severity through its interaction with N, P, Mn, B and Cu. Cocoa plants lacking Ca exhibit fragile cell membranes that can rupture and release intracellular contents, which can serve as food sources for pathogens (Filho et al, 2021). The indirect influence of the Mn through its interaction with K, Ca, Fe, B and Zn nutrients is capable of reducing disease severity.…”

Section: The Role Of Leaf Mineral Nutrition In Increasing the Severit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies on the interaction between VSD and nutrient availability in cocoa plants at specific locations are limited. Pathogenic fungi that cause the disease depend on plant nutrients to ensure their growth and development through unidirectional nutrient transfer from the plant to the fungus (Filho et al, 2021). Therefore, the severity of VSD is suspected to be determined by the presence of nutrients in the host plants, although the details are still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Leaf Nutrients in Vascular Streak Dieback Disease in Cocoa Plants (Theobroma cacao L.)

Bande,

Gusnawaty,

Hasan

et al. 2023

IJARe

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Background: Vascular streak dieback (VSD) is an important disease in cocoa and a decrease in nutrient supply is indicated to increase the severity of this disease. This study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of nutrients that play a role in protecting cocoa plants from VSD. Methods: The research location was selected based on criteria such as being a smallholder cocoa plantation area, having 5-10-year-old plants and the presence of VSD disease. A sampling technique for observing disease severity was systematically conducted, with the main sample being farmers’ plantations. Cocoa leaf samples were taken from branches at one-third of the plant height, specifically from the upper canopy (leaves 3-4), which were physiologically mature, healthy and dark green. The variables observed were disease severity and cocoa leaf nutrient contents. The influence of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, B, Cu and Zn on VSD severity was analyzed using path analysis. Result: The results showed that disease severity was related to nutrient content in the leaves. The cocoa leaf nutrients that have a direct influence on the increase in VSD disease severity are K, Ca, Mn and Cu, while nutrients N, P, Mg, Fe, B and Zn have a direct influence on reducing VSD disease severity. Nutrients N and P have a significant direct influence, whereas nutrient K has a significant indirect influence through its interaction with nutrients N and P in reducing VSD disease severity.

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Mineral Nutrients and Plant-Fungal Interaction in Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Twig-Tip Dieback on Leaf Nutrient Status and Resorption Efficiency of Mango Trees

Impact of Twig-Tip Dieback on Leaf Nutrient Status and Resorption Efficiency of Mango Trees

Phyllosphere microbial diversity and specific taxa mediate within-cultivar resistance to Phytophthora palmivora in cacao

The Role of Leaf Nutrients in Vascular Streak Dieback Disease in Cocoa Plants (Theobroma cacao L.)

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