Mineral N effects on cowpea and soybean crops in a Nigerian soil

Eaglesham, A. R. J.; Ayanaba, A.; Rao, V. U. M.; Eskew, D. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02373703

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Because some studies on N fertilization did not concurrently quantify N 2 fixation and other studies did not evaluate response to N fertilizer when quantifying N 2 fixation, data analyses were performed for two data sub-sets: Data set A was used to examine relationships between N uptake, N 2 fixation and grain yield; Data set B was used to evaluate yield response to fertilizer-N. Data set A comprised 61 studies in which N 2 fixation was quantified. Several different techniques were used: (1) the N difference method (Dashti et al, 1998, Israel and Burton, 1997, Israel and Mikkelsen, 2001, Saxena and Chandel, 1997, Thies et al, 1995, Wagner and Zapata, 1982, Weber, 1966; (2) Ureides determination in the xylem sap (Gan et al, 2002, Guafa et al, 1993, Herridge, 1982, Herridge et al, 1990, Hughes and Herridge, 1989, Hungria et al, 2003, Peoples et al, 1995a, Reis et al, 2002, Takahashi et al, 1992, Yinbo et al, 1997, Ying et al, 1992, Zotarelli, 2000; (3) 15 N dilution and abundance techniques (Afza et al, 1987, Alvarez et al, 1995, Alves et al, 2006, Amarger et al, 1979, Bergersen et al, 1989, Bergersen et al, 1992, Boddey et al, 1990, Chapman and Myers, 1987, Coale et al, 1985, Eaglesham et al, 1982a, Eaglesham et al, 1982b, George and Singleton, 1992, Guffy et al, 1989, Hardarson et al, 1984, Hardarson et al, 1989, Kucey et al, 1988a...…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Salvagiotti

Cassman

Specht

et al. 2008

Field Crops Research

847

638

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Although relationships among soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) seed yield, nitrogen (N) uptake, biological N 2 fixation (BNF), and response to N fertilization have received considerable coverage in the scientific literature, a comprehensive summary and interpretation of these interactions with specific emphasis on high yield environments is lacking. Six hundred and thirty-seven data sets (site-year-treatment combinations) were analyzed from field studies that had examined these variables and had been published in refereed journals from 1966 to 2006. A mean linear increase of 0.013 Mg soybean seed yield per kg increase in N accumulation in above-ground biomass was evident in these data. The lower (maximum N accumulation) and upper (maximum N dilution) boundaries for this relationship had slopes of 0.0064 and 0.0188 Mg grain kg −1 N, respectively. On an average, 50-60% of soybean N demand was met by biological N 2 fixation. In most situations the amount of N fixed was not sufficient to replace N export from the field in harvested seed. The partial N balance (fixed N in above-ground biomass − N in seeds) was negative in 80% of all data sets, with a mean net soil N mining of −40 kg N ha −1 . However, when an average estimated below-ground N contribution of 24% of total plant N was included, the average N balance was close to neutral (−4 kg N ha −1 ). The gap between crop N uptake and N supplied by BNF tended to increase at higher seed yields for which the associated crop N demand is higher. Soybean yield was more likely to respond to N fertilization in high-yield (>4.5 Mg ha −1 ) environments. A negative exponential relationship was observed between N fertilizer rate and N 2 fixation when N was applied on the surface or incorporated in the topmost soil layers. Deep placement of slow-release fertilizer below the nodulation zone, or late N applications during reproductive stages, may be promising alternatives for achieving a yield response to N fertilization in high-yielding environments. The results from many N fertilization studies are often confounded by insufficiently optimized BNF or other management factors that may have precluded achieving BNF-mediated yields near the yield potential ceiling. More studies will be needed to fully understand the extent to which the N requirements of soybean grown at potential yields levels can be met by optimizing BNF alone as opposed to supplementing BNF with applied N. Such optimization will require evaluating new inoculant technologies, greater temporal precision in crop and soil management, and most importantly, detailed measurements of the contributions of soil N, BNF, and the efficiency of fertilizer N uptake throughout the crop cycle. Such information is required to develop more reliable guidelines for managing both BNF and fertilizer N in high-yielding environments, and also to improve soybean simulation models.

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Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Salvagiotti

Cassman

Specht

et al. 2008

Field Crops Research

847

638

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“…However, a detailed cost benefit analysis would be required to determine whether N fertilizer application is warranted under conditions at Waroona, and, if so, how its effectiveness might be reduced were extensive leaching of applied fertilizer to occur during the crop growth cycle. A major inadequacy of the present approach, and of other similar studies (Amarger et al, 1979;Bergersen et al, 1985;Eaglesham et al, 1982;Kohl et al, 1980), is that no measurements were made of N in root biomass, expecially in relation to the amount of fixed N added by the legume component through decay of roots and nodules at the end of the growing season. For the present purposes, we draw upon the data of an earlier study (Peoples et al, 1983) on potted glasshouse grown cowpea in which it was shown that 12% of the final N of the fully mature plants was recovered from below ground parts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of N2-fixation and nitrogen economy of a maize/cowpea intercrop system using15N dilution methods

1987

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Yields of above ground biomass and total N were determined in summer-grown maize and cowpea as sole crops or intercrops, with or without supplementary N fertilizer (25 kg N ha 1 urea) at an irrigated site in Waroona, Western Australia over the period 1982--1985. Good agreement was obtained between estimates of N2 fixation of sole or intercrop cowpea (1984/85 season) based on the 15N natural abundance and 15N fertilizer dilution techniques, both in the field and in a glasshouse pot study. Field-grown cowpea was estimated to have received 53-69% of its N supply from N2-fixation, 'with N2-fixation only slightly affected by intercropping or N fertilizer application. Proportional reliance on N2-fixation of cowpea in glasshouse culture was lower (36--66%) than in the field study and more affected by applied N. Budgets for N were drawn up for the field intercrops, based on above-ground seed yields, return of crop residues, inputs of fixed N and fertilizer N. No account was taken of possible losses of N through volatilization, denitrification and leaching or gains of N in the soil from root biomass. N 2-fixatiOn was estimated to be 59 kg N ha-l in the plots receiving no fertilizer N, and 73 kg N ha-~ in plots receiving 25 kg N ha-1 as urea. Comparable fixation by sole cowpea was higher (87 and 82 kg N ha-t respectively) but this advantage was outweighed by greater land use efficiency by the intercrop than sole crops.

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“…Different techniques such as C 2 H 2 reduction, ureide method (Herridge and Holland, 1987), 15 N dilution (Rennie, 1984;Gao et al, 1987;Guffy et al, 1989), and N-balance studies (Bezdicek et al, 1978;Eaglesham et al, 1982;George et al, 1988) have been used to estimate N 2 fixation by soybean, and the topic has been extensively reviewed by . Of these techniques, the calculation of the N-balance study seems more convenient and can provide more reasonable estimate of N 2 -fixing potential, where N balance is defined as the difference between easily measurable output (N in the exported parts of the plant and residual N in soil at the end of the experiment) and inputs (N applied through fertilizer/manure and depletion of soil N at the end of the experiment).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

Singh¹,

Kundu

Biswas

et al. 2004

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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PNSS P89/2BSummary A computational exercise was undertaken to quantify the percent N derived from atmosphere %Ndfa) in soybean and consequent N benefit from biological N 2 -fixation process annually accrued to the soil by the soybean crop using average annual N-input/-output balance sheet from a 7 yr old soybean-wheat continuous rotational experiment on a Typic Haplustert. The experiment was conducted with 16 treatments comprised of combinations of four annual rates of farmyard manure (FYM @ 0, 4, 8, and 16 t ha ±1 ) and four annual rates of fertilizer N (@ 0, 72.5, 145, and 230 kg N ha ±1 ) applications. The estimated N contributed through residual biomass of soybean (RBN S ) consisting of leaf fall, root, nodules, and rhizodeposition varied in the ranges of 7.02±16.94, 11.65±28.83, 3.31± 8.91, and 11.3±23.8 kg N ha ±1 yr ±1 , respectively. A linear relationship was observed between RBN S and harvested biomass N (HBN S ) of soybean in the form of RBN S = 0.461 HBN S ± 20.67 (r = 0.989, P < 0.01), indicating that for each 100 kg N assimilated by the harvested biomass of soybean, 25.4 kg N was added to the soil through residual biomass. The Ndfa values ranged between 13% and 81% depending upon the annual rates of application of fertilizer N and FYM. As per the main effects, the %Ndfa declined from 76.4 to 26.0 with the increase in annual fertilizer-N application from 0 to 230 kg N ha ±1 , whereas %Ndfa increased from 40.8 to 65.8 with the increase in FYM rates from 0 to 16 t ha ±1 , respectively. The N benefit from biological N 2 fixation accrued to the soil through residual biomass of soybean ranged from 7.6 to 53.7 kg N ha ±1 yr ±1 . The treatments having %Ndfa values higher than 78 showed considerable annual contribution of N from N 2 fixation to the soil which were sufficient enough to offset the quantity of N removed from the soil (i.e., native soil N / FYM-N / fertilizer-N) with harvested biomass of soybean.

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Mineral N effects on cowpea and soybean crops in a Nigerian soil

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Evaluation of N2-fixation and nitrogen economy of a maize/cowpea intercrop system using15N dilution methods

Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

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Mineral N effects on cowpea and soybean crops in a Nigerian soil

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilizer N in soybeans: A review

Evaluation of N2-fixation and nitrogen economy of a maize/cowpea intercrop system using15N dilution methods

Quantification of N2 fixation and annual N benefit from N2 fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation

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Quantification of N₂ fixation and annual N benefit from N₂ fixation in soybean accrued to the soil under soybean‐wheat continuous rotation