2006
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0153
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Mineral minimization in nature's alternative teeth

Abstract: Contrary to conventional wisdom, mineralization is not the only strategy evolved for the formation of hard, stiff materials. Indeed, the sclerotized mouthparts of marine invertebrates exhibit Young's modulus and hardness approaching 10 and 1 GPa, respectively, with little to no help from mineralization. Based on biochemical analyses, three of these mouthparts, the jaws of glycerid and nereid polychaetes and a squid beak, reveal a largely organic composition dominated by glycine- and histidine-rich proteins. De… Show more

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Cited by 61 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…In contrast to vertebrate hard tissues, which are highly mineralized (>70% by dry mass), several marine-derived hard tissues contain significantly less mineral (<10% by dry mass) [5] but maintain comparable mechanical properties to those of their highly mineralized counterparts in vertebrates [5,6]. In addition, the marine environment has much in common with body fluids; both systems are naturally saline and experience variations of fluid flow and temperature, are prone to surface fouling via macromolecules, and exhibit cell-mediated catabolism and turnover of circulating organic solutes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast to vertebrate hard tissues, which are highly mineralized (>70% by dry mass), several marine-derived hard tissues contain significantly less mineral (<10% by dry mass) [5] but maintain comparable mechanical properties to those of their highly mineralized counterparts in vertebrates [5,6]. In addition, the marine environment has much in common with body fluids; both systems are naturally saline and experience variations of fluid flow and temperature, are prone to surface fouling via macromolecules, and exhibit cell-mediated catabolism and turnover of circulating organic solutes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The load-bearing properties of metallopolymers are equally important but have received less attention with few exceptions (2). This oversight needs to be rectified given how widespread metal-containing polymer networks are in biology, particularly for load-bearing exoskeletal biomaterials (3,4). The byssal cuticle of mussels in the genus Mytilus is an especially interesting case study because of its peculiar combination of hardness (100-150 MPa) and extensibility (>70% strain) (5).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This distinctive amino acid composition is a notable feature given the recurring presence of Gly-and His-rich proteins in load-bearing and impact-resistant tissues. [32] In such structures, the imidazole side-chain has been shown to be particularly versatile in its ability to couple with various chemical entities. This can be in the form of coordination bonds with transition metals (as in the jaws of Nereis, a predatory marine worm) [33][34][35] or as covalent cross-links with peptidyl dihydroxy phenylalanine (DOPA) in squid beaks.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%