“…CKD presents a host of metabolic, mechanical and inflammatory damage-inducing agents, such as mineral imbalance [64,65] associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism [66,67], inflammatory mediators [68,69], oxidative stress [70,71], hyperhomocysteinaemia [72,73], hypoalbuminaemia [74], dyslipidaemia [75], anaemia [76] and chronic fluid overload [77,78]. These factors, acting individually or in concert, result in endothelial dysfunction [72,73,79], arterial stiffness [80,81], and calcification [82], which contribute to cardiac remodelling with left ventricular hypertrophy (Fig.…”