Mineral density and biomechanical properties of bone tissue from male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to organochlorine contaminants and emaciation

Sonne, Christian; Wolkers, Hans; Rigét, Frank; Jensen, Jens–Erik Beck; Teilmann, Jenni; Jenssen, Bjørn Munro; Fuglei, Eva; Ahlstrøm, Øystein; Dietz, Runé; Muir, Derek C.G.; Jørgensen, Even H.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.015

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Complementary results from this controlled contaminant exposure study on farmed juvenile and adult Arctic foxes have previously been reported elsewhere (Hallanger et al, 2012;Helgason et al, 2013;Sonne et al, 2009aSonne et al, , 2008Sonne et al, , 2009b. The concentrations of PCBs in the adipose tissues of the emaciated animals that had been exposed to the POP containing diet for 22 months (4.3 µg/g lw; Helgason et al, 2013) were somewhat lower than reported in wild Arctic foxes in Svalbard in the period 1973-1999 (9.7-20.5 µg/g l.w.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…From these foxes, a large number of tissues, and blood samples were taken for measurements of a variety of biological endpoints, of which many have been published already (Hallanger et al, 2012;Helgason et al, 2013;Sonne et al, 2008Sonne et al, , 2009aSonne et al, , 2009b. Eight brothers-pairs of farmed Arctic fox (blue fox) were exposed to either a diet containing naturally high POPcontaminated minke whale blubber (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (the exposed group; n=8), or a low POP diet containing pig (Sus scrofa) fat as the primary fat source (the control group, n=8) for 22 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations of vitamin A, E, thyroid and testosterone hormones in blood plasma and tissues from emaciated adult male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) dietary exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Rogstad

Sonne

Villanger

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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A B S T R A C TThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships and effects of oral POP exposure on retinol (vitamin A), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), thyroid hormones and testosterone in emaciated adult farmed Arctic foxes. Eight brother-pairs were exposed to either a diet containing naturally POP-contaminated minke whale blubber (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (n=8), or a control diet containing pig (Sus scrofa) fat as the primary fat source (n=8) for 22 months. In the whale blubber containing feed the ∑POPs concentration was 802 ng/g w.w. and it was 24 ng/g w.w. in control feed. The liver mass was significantly higher and the ratio of FT4 (free thyroxine):FT3 (free triiodothyronine) was significantly lower in the POP exposed group as compared to the control group given feed with pig fat (both p < 0.05). The exposed group revealed lower plasma and liver concentrations of α-tocopherol compared to the control group (both p < 0.05). These results indicate that plasma FT4:FT3 ratio and plasma and liver α-tocopherol are valuable biomarker endpoints for chronic oral POP exposure in wild Arctic foxes. Based on this we suggest that plasma FT4:FT3 ratio and plasma and liver α-tocopherol are valuable biomarker endpoints for chronic POP exposure in wildlife Arctic foxes and that these perturbations may affect their health status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of vitamin A, E, thyroid and testosterone hormones in blood plasma and tissues from emaciated adult male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) dietary exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Rogstad

Sonne

Villanger

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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“…In a hypothetical example, if a mature Arctic fox were to sustain itself entirely on fulmars from the Cape Vera colony for four months (the fulmars attend the colony from May to mid September 35), it would consume approximately 84 fulmars and be exposed to 51 µg kg −1 d −1 of ΣOCs (Table 3). Chronic exposure to a comparable dosage (17 µg kg −1 d −1 ) of organochlorine contaminants obtained from wild minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata ) blubber has been shown to cause thyroid gland, liver, and kidney lesions in farmed male Arctic foxes, and to possibly affect bone strength and mineral density 36–38. Similar computations of contaminant transfer from fulmars to predators could be done for other predators, given the energy requirement of the predator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

PCB and organochlorine pesticides in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from a High Arctic colony: Chemical exposure, fate, and transfer to predators

Foster

Hill

Blais

2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Organochlorine contaminant concentrations, associated fugacities, and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ(15) N) are reported for liver, whole body homogenate, and opportunistically collected samples of prey (amphipods), stomach oils, digestive tract contents, and guano for northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) collected at Cape Vera, Devon Island in the Canadian High Arctic. Liver concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB) and ΣDDT were on average 49.9 ± 35.4 ng g(-1) and 29.9 ± 25.2 ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. Whole body homogenate concentrations of ΣPCB and ΣDDT were 637 ± 293 ng g(-1) and 365 ± 212 ng g(-1) wet weight, respectively. A mass and energy balance showed that whole body contaminant concentrations, which are seldom reported for Arctic seabirds, are critical in determining contaminant exposure and associated risk to predators such as the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). Biomagnification in the fulmars is evident, because concentrations and fugacities of contaminants were generally one to three orders of magnitude higher than those of likely prey items. The fate of diet-derived contaminants along the digestive tract is discussed, in particular with respect to stomach oils, which are used to feed chicks and for defensive purposes. The benefits of considering both concentrations and fugacities are demonstrated and provide information on the absorption and distribution of chemicals within the fulmars and contaminant transfer to offspring and predators.

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“…With no effective treatment for disuse-induced osteoporosis, animal models that can unravel mechanisms to prevent this condition are urgently needed. Negative energy balance also reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and/or strength (Talbott et al, 2001;Sonne et al, 2009;Misra and Klibanski, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raccoon dog model shows preservation of bone during prolonged catabolism and reduced physical activity

Mustonen

Finnilä

Puukka

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a promising animal model capable of preventing disuse-induced osteoporosis. Previous data suggest that this species resembles bears in the preservation of bone mass and biomechanical properties during prolonged passivity and catabolism. This longitudinal study examined the osteological properties of tibiae in farm-bred raccoon dogs that were either fed or fasted (n=6 per group) for a 10 week period. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was utilized and plasma markers of bone turnover measured before fasting and at 9 weeks followed by mechanical testing (three-point bending), micro-computed tomography and Fourier transform infrared imaging at 10 weeks. Passive wintering with prolonged catabolism (body mass loss 32%) had no significant effects on bone mineralization, porosity or strength. The concentration of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, indicative of bone resorption, increased in the plasma of the fasted raccoon dogs, while the bone formation markers were unchanged. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were reduced in the fasted animals. Based on these data, the preservation of bone in wintering raccoon dogs shares characteristics with that of bears with no apparent decrease in the formation of bone but increased resorption. To conclude, raccoon dogs were able to minimize bone loss during a 10 week period of catabolism and passivity.

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Mineral density and biomechanical properties of bone tissue from male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) exposed to organochlorine contaminants and emaciation

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Concentrations of vitamin A, E, thyroid and testosterone hormones in blood plasma and tissues from emaciated adult male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) dietary exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Concentrations of vitamin A, E, thyroid and testosterone hormones in blood plasma and tissues from emaciated adult male Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) dietary exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

PCB and organochlorine pesticides in northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from a High Arctic colony: Chemical exposure, fate, and transfer to predators

Raccoon dog model shows preservation of bone during prolonged catabolism and reduced physical activity

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