Mineral composition of some commercial fish feeds available in Europe

Tacon, Albert G. J.; Silva, S.S. De

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(83)90253-3

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The salt concentrations tested in the present study correspond roughly to typical DS levels found in salmon and tilapia diets commonly used (Tacon & DeSilva 1983; Pelletier & Besner 1992). The supplementation of high levels (4.5–11.6%) of NaCl to the diet has been reported to lower FE and inhibit growth in rainbow trout (Salman & Eddy 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The effects of DS on growth are controversial; studies with different fish species, i.e., Ictalurus punctatus (Murray & Andrews 1979), Salmon salar (Shaw, Saunders, Hall & Henderson 1979), and Oreochromis niloticus (Fontainhas‐Fernandes et al 2000), have shown negligible or even inverse effects of DS supplementation on growth. Moderate levels of salt (around 4% or 5%) have been reported to have beneficial effects on growth and feed utilization by many authors (Orino & Kamizono 1975; Tacon & DeSilva 1983) for trout or carp and such supplementation has been demonstrated to be clearly useful for the European sea bass cultured in FW in our study. Growth performance of this species was significantly enhanced by salt supplementation at low, medium or even high levels tested in our study (1–9%) in comparison with those received that the diet with no salt supplementation (control diet).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

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Enhancement of growth and feed utilization of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed supplementary dietary salt in freshwater

et al. 2005

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The effects of increased dietary sodium chloride supplement on growth, feed efficiency (FE), feed dispensed rate and fillet composition and morphological indices of European sea bass (initial weight of 4.9 g) were investigated in freshwater using five different levels of supplemental salt (0 (control diet, with no salt supplemented), 1%, 3%, 5% and 9% of diet). Over the experimental period of 50 days, the final weight of dietary salt (DS) groups was found to be approximately 19% higher than the control group. The final weight, specific growth rate and FE were greatest at the moderate level (1–5%) of salt supplementation. Optimum level of DS inclusion was calculated as 3%. Feed efficiency was significantly enhanced with increasing salt level up to 5%. A negative relationship between daily feed intake and FE (r2=0.66) was observed. The average muscle ratio (MR) in groups fed 1–5% supplemented salt was around 51.4% whereas fish receiving control and 9% salty diets had 5.3% lower MR (48.7%) (P<0.05). However, no significant effects of salt inclusion were found on viscera or hepatosomatic indices. Muscle ash and dry matter content slightly rose with increasing DS in the diet, but with no statistical difference (P>0.05). Similarly, no significant changes were observed in either muscle protein or lipid content among the groups (P>0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Enhancement of growth and feed utilization of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed supplementary dietary salt in freshwater

et al. 2005

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“…Excessive use of inorganic minerals in practical diets can be avoided by utilizing the intrinsic potential of minerals in feed ingredients (Sugiura et al., ). Tacon and De Silva () documented exceedingly high concentrations above recommended levels and twofold to 11‐fold variations for microminerals such as Fe (80–540 mg/kg), Cu (5–40 mg/kg), Mn (35–100 mg/kg) and Zn (50–260 mg/kg) within similar feed categories of commercial salmonid feeds that were available in Europe. Three decades down the line, the situation has not changed much, according to the recent report based on a survey on different Norwegian fish feeds over a decade from 2000 to 2010 (Sissener et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating dietary supply of microminerals as a premix in a complete plant ingredient-based diet to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2017

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Two basal diets M0 and V0 were formulated with marine and plant based ingredient composition. Seven experimental diets were prepared from the two basal diets namely M0, M100, V0, V30, V60, V100 and V150 by incorporating different levels of a micromineral premix (Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn). Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (initial weight: 20 g) reared at 17°C were fed one of each diet to apparent visual satiation over 12 weeks. Among the V diet fed fish, growth and feed intake exhibited maximal response at V60 level of premix inclusion; Apparent availability coefficient of Fe, Cu and Zn decreased linearly with increasing level of premix whereas apparent availability coefficient of Mn and Se was unaffected. The available dietary concentration in basal V0 diet was for Fe, 20.6; Cu, 2.8; Mn, 6.5; Zn, 17.3 and Se, 0.195 (in mg/kg DM) and in the M0 diet for Fe, 63.3; Cu, 5.2; Mn, 2.9; Zn, 35.2 and Se, 0.87 (in mg/kg DM). In reference to NRC (Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press, 2011) recommendations, the V0 basal diet accounted for 34.3%, 92.9%, 53.9%, 115% and 130.2% and the contribution from M0 diet for 105.5%, 173.3%, 24.2%, 234.7% and 580% of the minimal dietary inclusion levels of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se to rainbow trout, respectively. However, data on whole body mineral contents showed that normal levels were maintained only for Cu and Mn through supply from basal V0 diet. For Zn and Se, available supply even from the highest supplemented diet (V150) was not sufficient to maintain normal body mineral levels of rainbow trout in the present study. On the whole, optimal dietary inclusion levels of microminerals are altered while using fishmeal‐free diets for rainbow trout.

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“…by the ranges of elements found in 38 commercial fish feeds in Europe (all per g dry weight): Fe (148−247 µg g ) (Tacon & Silva 1983). There are many reasons for this variation, including differences in raw ingredients, the addition of specific macro-or trace-mineral premixes, and contaminants present in raw ingredients (Tacon & Silva 1983). The large variation in mineral composition in commercial fish feeds might result in the accumulation of different trace elements in fish cultured in RAS systems.…”

Section: Source and Uptake Of Trace Elements In Aquaculture Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing trace element concentrations in muscle tissue of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata reared in three different aquaculture systems

Li¹,

Ren²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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There is a growing trend towards culturing fish in intensive recirculating aquaculture systems, which have a reduced need for water exchange compared to many other systems. However, it is unknown whether these intensive aquaculture operations facilitate bioaccumulation of trace elements in fish tissue. The present study therefore evaluated and compared the accumulation of 20 trace elements in the flesh of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata reared in 3 different systems: a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), a biofloc technology system (BFT), and a concrete pond (CP; traditional method). In the BFT system fish were also raised in polyculture with tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and water spinach Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Fish were fed the same feed and reared in water from the same source. The trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn) in the fish flesh were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Fish reared in the RAS had elevated concentrations of only a single element (Al) compared with CP fish. This element was also elevated in BFT fish and was probably related to the high Al concentration in the fish feed. Fish reared in the BFT system also showed significantly higher levels of As, Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, and Zn compared to both CP and RAS fish. The observed levels of (1) As in fish from BFT systems and (2) Pb in fish from both RAS and BFT systems exceeded national and international legislatory limits. Our results suggest that regular monitoring of trace element concentrations in BFT and RAS should be implemented in the future for this species.

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Mineral composition of some commercial fish feeds available in Europe

Cited by 65 publications

References 16 publications

Enhancement of growth and feed utilization of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed supplementary dietary salt in freshwater

Enhancement of growth and feed utilization of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed supplementary dietary salt in freshwater

Evaluating dietary supply of microminerals as a premix in a complete plant ingredient-based diet to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Comparing trace element concentrations in muscle tissue of marbled eel Anguilla marmorata reared in three different aquaculture systems

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