Mineral and Nitrogen Content of the Leaves of Some Forest Trees at Different Times in the Growing Season

McHargue, J. S.; Roy, William R.

doi:10.1086/334303

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Our results for percent water and specific weight are typical of tree leaves (9,21,28). Literature reports agree that potassium concentrations (on a dry weight basis) decrease during leaf development and then become approximately constant by midseason (9,10,18,21). Some studies find substantially more K in shade leaves than in sun leaves (3, 7), while others find only slightly more K in shade leaves (5,6).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…For example, Mn accumulates preferentially in leaves exposed to higher temperatures or higher light intensities (8,24,26), and sun leaves contain more Mn per unit area than shade leaves (7). A number of studies have shown that Mn content increases with time (4,6,18,27), but none has compared the patterns of Mn accumulation in sun leaves and shade leaves. Such a study could help to identify the function of the excess Mn.…”

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confidence: 99%

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More Manganese Accumulates in Maple Sun Leaves than in Shade Leaves

McCain¹,

Markley²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron activation analysis were used to measure manganese concentrations in leaves of Acer platanoides. Mn was found to accumulate in both the vacuoles and the chloroplasts, with more Mn (per unit area) in sun leaves than in shade leaves. No Mn was lost at senescence. Different seasonal patterns of Mn accumulation were found in sun and shade leaves. The quantity of chloroplast reserve Mn (bound to the outer surface of thylakoid membranes) increased rapidly in sun leaves from bud-break through midsummer, and then remained approximately constant through senescence. In shade leaves, however, the quantity of reserve Mn increased slowly, and at approximately a constant rate throughout the growing season.All green leaves contain manganese; however, Mn concentrations are extremely variable, depending on species, soil, and many other factors (1,4,27,29). For example, Mn accumulates preferentially in leaves exposed to higher temperatures or higher light intensities (8,24,26), and sun leaves contain more Mn per unit area than shade leaves (7). A number of studies have shown that Mn content increases with time (4,6,18,27), but none has compared the patterns of Mn accumulation in sun leaves and shade leaves. Such a study could help to identify the function of the excess Mn.Our objective in this study was to compare patterns of Mn accumulation in sun and shade leaves from development through senescence. Three complementary analytical techniques were used. Neutron activation analysis provided a direct measurement of the total Mn content of a leaf. 'H NMR spectroscopy enabled us to study changing Mn concentrations in the chloroplasts, and nuclear spin relaxation times were used to estimate Mn concentrations in the vacuoles.Neutron activation is a sensitive and accurate method for Mn analysis. When samples are exposed to thermal neutrons from an operating nuclear reactor, certain isotopes (e.g. "Mn) become radioactive and can be identified by their y-ray spectrum. The intensity of each y-ray peak is proportional to the quantity of the isotope that produces it. No sample preparation is required. Another advantage of the method is that several elements can be measured simultaneously using the same equipment. Although Mn was our primary interest, we chose also to measure Na and K so that our data could be compared with other published studies. More is known about Na and K accumulation than about Mn.NMR spectra provide information about the chemical and magnetic environment of atomic nuclei. For example, the 'H NMR spectrum of pure water shows only a single, narrow peak; the single peak indicates that all 'H nuclei in the sample are exposed to the same average magnetic field strength.The leaves of some plant species exhibit multiple NMR peaks even though the signals arise almost entirely from water (17). This is because internal structures in the leaves distort the applied magnetic field, causing the peak from chloroplast water to be displaced from that of water in other leaf compartments (16...

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confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

More Manganese Accumulates in Maple Sun Leaves than in Shade Leaves

McCain¹,

Markley²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…1 and 3), while the highest phosphorus content was maintained in the trees receiving complete fertilizer ( fig. 2) (6,15,16,17) it has been shown that calcium increases steadily in the leaf to the time of leaf fall, while phosphorus and potassium decrease. This has been found in this investigation to be true of pecan leaves.…”

Section: Calcium-magnesium: Potassium Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical and physical changes taking place in pecan nuts during the development and filling period have been reported (7,9,12,19,20,21,22) and studies have been made on seasonal changes in the chemical composition of pecan and other tree leaves (7,8,12,13,15,16,17). These studies show that large amounts of nitrogen and mineral elements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) are utilized in the formation of the nut or seed, or accumulated in the leaf tissue during the growing and filling period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fertilizer Treatment on the Chemical Composition of Moore Pecan Leaves During Nut Development

Hammar¹,

Hunter²

1949

Plant Physiol.

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“…Kramer and Kozlowski (1960) have reviewed some of the research relating to these factors. Included among these factors are age of leaves (Leyton and Ârmson 1955, McHargue and Roy 1932and Mitchell 1936, loss of nutrients by leaching (Mitchell 1936 andTamm 1951), location of leaves on trees (Leyton and Armson 1955, Wallihan 1944and White 1954, and handling of samples (Broyer 1939 andWhite 1954).…”

Section: Foliage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral nutrition of forest tree seedlings

Phares

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Mineral and Nitrogen Content of the Leaves of Some Forest Trees at Different Times in the Growing Season

Cited by 55 publications

References 2 publications

More Manganese Accumulates in Maple Sun Leaves than in Shade Leaves

More Manganese Accumulates in Maple Sun Leaves than in Shade Leaves

Influence of Fertilizer Treatment on the Chemical Composition of Moore Pecan Leaves During Nut Development

Mineral nutrition of forest tree seedlings

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