Mineral and Antioxidant Management of Transition Dairy Cows

Lean, I.J.; Saun, Robert Van; DeGaris, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.004

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Nutritional strategies proposed to assist cows in making these adaptations have been reviewed (Friggens et al, 2004;Beever, 2006;Ingvartsen, 2006; Drackley and Dann, 2008;Lean et al, 2013a and2013b;Roche et al, 2013). Selected aspects are discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Nutritional Management To Control Neb and Optimize Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until the ability of the digestive tract to absorb calcium can increase, calcium must be obtained from bone resorption. Metabolic acidosis caused by a negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) favors mobilization of calcium from bone, whereas high dietary potassium concentrations and positive DCAD suppress mobilization (Horst et al, 1997;Lean et al, 2013b). Magnesium participates in the regulation of bone resorption (Horst et al, 1997).…”

Section: Calcium Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

Drackley

Cardoso

2014

Animal

105

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The 6 to 8-week period centered on parturition, known as the transition or periparturient period, is critical to welfare and profitability of individual cows. Fertility of high-producing cows is compromised by difficult transitions. Deficiencies in either nutritional or non-nutritional management increase risk for periparturient metabolic disorders and infectious diseases, which decrease subsequent fertility. A primary factor impeding fertility is the extent of negative energy balance (NEB) early postpartum, which may inhibit timing of first ovulation, return to cyclicity, and oocyte quality. In particular, pronounced NEB during the first 10 days to 2 weeks (the time of greatest occurrence of health problems) is critical for later reproductive efficiency. Avoiding over-conditioning and preventing cows from over-consuming energy relative to their requirements in late gestation result in higher dry matter intake (DMI) and less NEB after calving. A pooled statistical analysis of previous studies in our group showed that days to pregnancy are decreased (by 10 days) by controlling energy intake to near requirements of cows before calving compared with allowing cows to over-consume energy. To control energy intake, total mixed rations (TMR) must be well balanced for metabolizable protein, minerals and vitamins yet limit total DM consumed, and cows must uniformly consume the TMR without sorting. Dietary management to maintain blood calcium and rumen health around and after calving also are important. Opportunities may exist to further improve energy status in fresh cows. Recent research to manipulate the glucogenic to lipogenic balance and the essential fatty acid content of tissues are intriguing. High-producing cows that adapt successfully to lactation can have high reproductive efficiency, and nutritional management of the transition period both pre-and post-calving must facilitate that adaptation.Keywords: transition period, reproduction, nutrition, metabolic disorders ImplicationsNutritional strategies and feeding management during precalving and post-calving periods impact health, productivity and fertility of high-producing dairy cows. Formulating diets to meet requirements of the cows but avoid over-consumption of energy may improve outcomes of the transition period and lead to improved fertility. Management to improve cow comfort and ensure good intake of the ration is pivotal for success. Impacts of the transition program should be evaluated in a holistic way that considers disease occurrence, productivity and fertility. IntroductionReproductive success is critical to the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms using confined total mixed ration (TMR)-based systems. Successful reproduction depends on a coordinated series of physiological events, including resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum, development and ovulation of a viable oocyte, fertilization, restoration of the uterus, embryo development and implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy until fetal maturation (Butler, 2003;Garnsworthy et a...

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Section: Nutritional Management To Control Neb and Optimize Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calcium Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

Drackley

Cardoso

2014

Animal

105

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“…Recently, much attention has been focused on antioxidant supplementation in order to develop nutritional strategies to reduce oxidative stress in dairy cows (Abuelo et al, 2013;Lean et al, 2013;Rizzo et al, 2013). For example, flax products are rich in antioxidants (Toure and Xu, 2010), and flax hull supplementation has been shown to increase mRNA abundance of CAT, GPX1 and SOD1 genes in mammary tissue of dairy cows, which can contribute to protect against damage of oxidative stress occurring in the mammary gland and other tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of supplementation of flax meal and flax oil on mammary gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in mammary tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of dairy cows

et al. 2015

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“…Doğum esnasında plazma α-tokoferol konsantrasyonu (normal değer 3.5-4 mg/ml) 3mg/ml den düşük olan inekler yüksek konsantrasyona sahip ineklerle kıyaslandığında laktasyonun ilk 7 günü mastitis insidansının 9.4 kat arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca prepartum 1. haftada serum retinol konsantrasyonunun normal değerin (190-250 ng/mL) üzerinde her 100 ng/mL oranında artışı ile postpartum ilk haftada klinik mastitis insidansını %60 oranında düşürdüğü saptanmıştır (33). Prepartum 3 hafta süresince selenyum ve vitamin E'nin (740 IU/gün) oral uygulanması ile mastitis insidansının %37 klinik semptomlarının ise %62 oranında düştüğü gözlenmiştir (34).…”

Section: Kuru Dönemde Vitamin Ve İz Element Uygulamalarıunclassified

Sütçü İneklerde Mastitis Yönünden Kuru ve Geçiş Dönemlerinin Önemi

Kurt¹,

Çolakoğlu²,

Yazlık³

et al. 2019

Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi

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Öz: Sütçü işletmelerin en maliyetli sorunlarından biri olan mastitis, meme bezinin yangısı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mastitis insidansı yönetim şartlarına göre değişmekte olup %50-75 oranında kuru ve geçiş dönemlerinden köken alır. Kuru dönem; doğumdan önceki laktasyonsuz evre olarak tanımlanırken, geçiş dönemi; prepartum ve postpartum 3 haftalık süreç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnekler kuru dönemin ilk iki ve son iki haftasında mastitise karşı oldukça duyarlıdır. Bu zaman dilimlerinde meme hassasiyetinin nedenleri; memenin anatomik, hücresel ve humoral değişiklik geçirmesi ile immun sistemde yetersizliklerin oluşması olarak görülmektedir. Kuru dönemin başında kontagiyöz ve çevresel etkenler sorun oluştururken kuru dönemin sonunda çoğunlukla çevresel patojenler risk teşkil etmektedir. Sunulan derlemede amaç; mastitisleri önleme çalışmalarında kuru dönem yönetiminin önemine değinmektir. Bu aşamada ilk hedef; genel sağlığı koruyarak çevre ve barınak şartlarını iyileştirip her türlü stres faktörünü engellemek olmalıdır. Sonraki adım ise; ineklerin laktasyondaki sağlık kayıtları ve süt verimleri göz önünde bulundurulup uygun protokollerle kuruya alınması olmalıdır. Ayrıca kuru dönemde enerji metabolizması pozitifte tutulmaya çalışılarak vücut kondisyon skoru ideal sınırlarda tutulmalıdır. Bunların yanında hijyenik şartlar iyileştirilerek aşı, vitamin ve iz element uygulamaları yapılmalıdır.

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Mineral and Antioxidant Management of Transition Dairy Cows

Cited by 27 publications

References 82 publications

Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

Effects of supplementation of flax meal and flax oil on mammary gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in mammary tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of dairy cows

Sütçü İneklerde Mastitis Yönünden Kuru ve Geçiş Dönemlerinin Önemi

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