Mine Subsidence as a Post-Mining Effect in the Upper Silesia Coal Basin

Abstract

On the basis of three selected examples, some problems attributed to the presence of voids resulted from mining operations in already commissioned underground coal mines are discussed. Continuous and discontinuous deformations of the ground surface (sinkholes and subsidence troughs) of anthropogenic origination implicate hazards for the ground surface, even many decades after completion of mining work. Nowadays, when decommissioning and fl ooding of numerous mines happens, ground movements as well as seismic events related to fl ooding of abandoned underground mines can be observed. The fi rst case study draws attention to the problems of effective voids localisation methods as well as the reliability of grout injection operations for road construction purposes. The second case emphasizes a problem occurring often in areas with long and complex mining histories, meaning appropriate determination of origin, process and protective measures regarding occurred ground deformations, or damage to buildings. The third case describes specifi c effects on the surface (shocks and ground surface elevation) generated by the fl ooding of decommissioned mines.

Law of Movement of Discontinuous Deformation of Strata and Ground with a Thick Loess Layer and Thin Bedrock in Long Wall Mining

“…These countries have studied the measurement methods, formation mechanism, and prediction methods of mining ground fractures. Ground collapse pits formed by underground mining are also the main forms of discontinuous deformation, which occur less in China, mainly in Poland [17][18][19][20][21][22], India [23][24][25][26], South Africa [27,28], UK [29,30], Japan [31], Spain [32], Korea [33], Turkey [34], etc. Taking Poland as an example, the monitoring, formation mechanism and prediction model of coal mining collapse pit are focused on.…”

European economies in terms of energy dependence

“…Only three EU countries are self-sufficient in terms of availability of this energy resources, i.e., the Czech Republic (−11.6 %), Estonia (−0.1 %) and Poland (−10.4 %) Table 3. Coal mining is a strategic sector of the Polish economy and plays a key role in ensuring the energy security of the country however, must be subject to a continuous process of restructuring in order to adapt to current market requirements (Burchart-Korol et al 2014; Dubiński and Turek 2014; Krause et al 2015; Bluszcz and Kijewska 2015; Kijewska 2016a, b; Blaschke and Gawlik 1999; Gawlik and Mokrzycki 2014; Brzychczy 2012; Kustra and Kubacki 2009; Kustra and Sierpińska 2008; Krzemień et al 2013; Jonek-Kowalska 2015; Nawrocki and Jonek-Kowalska 2016; Strozik et al 2016; Ranosz 2014). …”

Influence of Climate Change in Reliability Analysis of High Rise Building

“…Based on BS6399, the wind speed can be calculated by = × × × × (7) and effective wind speed is calculated by = × × . By applying this load to the building, the deflection can be calculated as Δ = Some of the coefficients are given in a nonvariant form.…”

“…The basic goal is trying to design structures with less vulnerable to the time-scale of significant climatic change. Concerns about the durability of structures are also encountered in the construction process [7]. The safety of structural members like the anchors in tension is strongly dependant on the climate of the geological location [8].…”