“…To compensate for these limitations, Hall et al (2011) complement the global value chain perspective by combining it with evolutionary economics (Nelson and Winter, 1982), philosophy of science (Kuhn, 1962;Popper, 1945Popper, , 1959 and Aldrich and Fiol's (1994) concept of cognitive versus socio-political legitimacy; Hall et al (2012) combine it with Baumol's (1990) typology of entrepreneurial outcomes (socially beneficial productive entrepreneurship, versus socially detrimental unproductive (rent seeking) and destructive (i.e. criminal) entrepreneurship, the emerging Base of the Pyramid (BOP) discourse (London and Hart, 2004;Prahalad, 2007), entrepreneurial alertness (Kirzner, 1973) and mindfulness (Langer, 1989). Thus, similar to the theories discussed above, the global value chain perspective needs to be combined with other theories to explain sustainable supply chain dynamics.…”