Mindfulness related changes in grey matter: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pernet, Cyril; Белов, Н. А.; Delorme, Arnaud; Zammit, Alison

doi:10.1007/s11682-021-00453-4

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In addition to statistical analysis, effect size calculations were also performed to compare the effect of the sample size of each group. Due to the difference in group size, corrected Cohen’s d (Hedge’s g) was used to estimate the effect size and aid in result interpretation ( Gerchen et al, 2021 ; Pernet et al, 2021 ). Following the rule of thumb set by Cohen, an effect size of 0.2 is considered as a small effect, 0.5 as a medium effect, and 0.8 as a large effect ( Lakens, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2022

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The debilitating effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends years after the initial injury and hampers the recovery process and quality of life. In this study, we explore the functional reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) of those affected with non-severe TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a wide-spectrum disease that has heterogeneous effects on its victims and impacts everyday functioning. The functional disruption of the default mode network (DMN) after TBI has been established, but its link to causal effective connectivity remains to be explored. This study investigated the differences in the DMN between healthy participants and mild and moderate TBI, in terms of functional and effective connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen non-severe TBI (mean age 30.84 ± 14.56) and twenty-two healthy (HC; mean age 27.23 ± 6.32) participants were recruited for this study. Resting-state fMRI data were obtained at the subacute phase (mean days 40.63 ± 10.14) and analyzed for functional activation and connectivity, independent component analysis, and effective connectivity within and between the DMN. Neuropsychological tests were also performed to assess the cognitive and memory domains. Compared to the HC, the TBI group exhibited lower activation in the thalamus, as well as significant functional hypoconnectivity between DMN and LN. Within the DMN nodes, decreased activations were detected in the left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus. Altered effective connectivities were also observed in the TBI group and were linked to the diminished activation in the left parietal region and precuneus. With regard to intra-DMN connectivity within the TBI group, positive correlations were found in verbal and visual memory with the language network, while a negative correlation was found in the cognitive domain with the visual network. Our results suggested that aberrant activities and functional connectivities within the DMN and with other RSNs were accompanied by the altered effective connectivities in the TBI group. These alterations were associated with impaired cognitive and memory domains in the TBI group, in particular within the language domain. These findings may provide insight for future TBI observational and interventional research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2022

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“…We refer to a recent meta-analysis done by Pernet et al. ( 2021 ), summarizing the results in 25 MRI-based studies of brains of meditators. A significant number of the studies show changes in the gray matter thickness, most notably in the insulae and the anterior cingulate and the paracingulate gyri.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent anatomical changes in specific brain regions of trained meditators have been reported in the literature. We refer to a recent meta-analysis done by Pernet et al (2021), summarizing the results in 25 MRI-based studies of brains of A significant number of the studies show changes in the gray matter thickness, most notably in the insulae and the anterior cingulate and the paracingulate gyri. In addition to the anatomical changes in the brain, recently there has been a sustained effort to quantify possible changes in brain functions associated with meditation practices, Fox et al (2016), in an effort to better understand the mechanism behind meditation and to explore interventional meditation training in clinical settings.…”

Section: Earlier Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In longitudinal studies, long term temporal changes due to the meditation practice are monitored (Gotink et al 2016). For a recent meta-analysis, we refer to (Pernet et al 2021). In long term studies, confounding factors such as changes in lifestyle accompanying the decision to engage in extensive meditation practice cannot be neglected, in particular because the test groups often involve professional meditators, who have dedicated years to this lifestyle changing practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mining the Mind: Linear Discriminant Analysis of MEG Source Reconstruction Time Series Supports Dynamic Changes in Deep Brain Regions During Meditation Sessions

et al. 2021

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Meditation practices have been claimed to have a positive effect on the regulation of mood and emotions for quite some time by practitioners, and in recent times there has been a sustained effort to provide a more precise description of the influence of meditation on the human brain. Longitudinal studies have reported morphological changes in cortical thickness and volume in selected brain regions due to meditation practice, which is interpreted as an evidence its effectiveness beyond the subjective self reporting. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography to quantify the changes in brain activity during meditation practice represents a challenge, as no clear hypothesis about the spatial or temporal pattern of such changes is available to date. In this article we consider MEG data collected during meditation sessions of experienced Buddhist monks practicing focused attention (Samatha) and open monitoring (Vipassana) meditation, contrasted by resting state with eyes closed. The MEG data are first mapped to time series of brain activity averaged over brain regions corresponding to a standard Destrieux brain atlas. Next, by bootstrapping and spectral analysis, the data are mapped to matrices representing random samples of power spectral densities in $$\alpha$$ α , $$\beta$$ β , $$\gamma$$ γ , and $$\theta$$ θ frequency bands. We use linear discriminant analysis to demonstrate that the samples corresponding to different meditative or resting states contain enough fingerprints of the brain state to allow a separation between different states, and we identify the brain regions that appear to contribute to the separation. Our findings suggest that the cingulate cortex, insular cortex and some of the internal structures, most notably the accumbens, the caudate and the putamen nuclei, the thalamus and the amygdalae stand out as separating regions, which seems to correlate well with earlier findings based on longitudinal studies.

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“…Only few previous studies have addressed longitudinal mental training effects in the domain of social cognition. While these have generally suggested changes in behaviour and MRI-based measures of brain structure and function (36,37), sample sizes were relatively modest and training intervals short. Moreover, few studies have compared different practices or focussed on different social skills specifically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training

Valk

Kanske

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SUMMARYSocial skills such as our abilities to understand feelings and thoughts are at the core of what makes us human. Here, we combined a unique longitudinal intervention study with cutting-edge connectomics to study the organization and plasticity of brain networks associated with different social skills (socio-affective, socio-cognitive, and attention-mindfulness). Baseline analysis in our cohort (n=332) showed that social brain networks have (i) compact and dissociable signatures in a low-dimensional manifold governed by gradients of brain connectivity, (ii) specific neurobiological underpinnings, and (iii) reflect inter-individual variations in social behavior. Furthermore, longitudinal brain network analyses following a 9-month training intervention indicated (iv) domain-specific reorganization of these signatures that was furthermore predictive of behavioral change in social functions. Multiple sensitivity analyses supported robustness. Our findings, thus, provide novel evidence on macroscale network organization and plasticity underlying human social cognition and behavior, and suggest connectome-reconfigurations as a mechanism of adult skill learning.

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Mindfulness related changes in grey matter: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 71 publications

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Mining the Mind: Linear Discriminant Analysis of MEG Source Reconstruction Time Series Supports Dynamic Changes in Deep Brain Regions During Meditation Sessions

Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training

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