Mindfulness practice moderates the relationship between craving and substance use in a clinical sample

Enkema, Matthew C.; Bowen, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.036

Cited by 46 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Our results regarding mindfulness practice are consistent with theorized mechanisms of how MBRP works. These results also add to existing literature, with some studies supporting both formal and informal mindfulness practice as mechanisms of change (Elwafi et al, 2013;Grow et al, 2015), and another recent study showing that formal practice in particular may reduce the link between craving and substance use (Enkema & Bowen, 2017). Overall, a key focus of MBRP is promoting both on-the-go practice of mindfulness in daily life and sustained formal mindfulness practice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

An Open Trial of Rolling Admission Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Rolling MBRP): Feasibility, Acceptability, Dose-Response Relations, and Mechanisms

et al. 2018

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Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). However, evidence is primarily based on studies of closed groups, and few studies support flexible formats of MBRP, such as rolling groups. This nonrandomized, open trial evaluated feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms of rolling admission MBRP ("Rolling MBRP") offered as part of short-term residential treatment for SUD. Rolling MBRP was developed prior to the trial through an iterative process over several years. Participants included 109 adults (46% female, 74.3% racial/ethnic minorities, mean age=36.40). Rolling MBRP was offered to all patients in the program 2x/week and attendance was tracked. Outcomes were craving, self-efficacy, mental health, mindfulness, and self-compassion at discharge. Selfreported out-of-session mindfulness practice was examined as a mediator of attendance-outcome relations. Analyses involved multiple regression and mediation models. Feasibility was demonstrated by good attendance rates. Acceptability was demonstrated by high engagement in mindfulness practice and high satisfaction ratings. Total sessions attended did not predict outcomes at discharge. However, attending 2+ sessions (versus 1 or none) significantly predicted better mental health and higher mindfulness at discharge, and these effects were mediated by

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

An Open Trial of Rolling Admission Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Rolling MBRP): Feasibility, Acceptability, Dose-Response Relations, and Mechanisms

et al. 2018

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“…Another study by Grow and colleagues (2015) found greater time spent engaging in home practice was associated with subsequent reductions in substance use and craving at follow-up. Finally, a recent study by Enkema and Bowen (under review) found that following MBRP, formal mindfulness practice moderated the relationship between craving at post-course and number of substance use days at 6-month follow up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mindfulness-based interventions for addictive behaviors: Implementation issues on the road ahead.

Wilson¹,

Roos²,

Robinson³

et al. 2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Over the past 35 years, mindfulness meditation practices have increasingly been integrated into Western medical settings. Research into the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) continues to expand, such that there are currently more than a dozen different protocolled MBIs for patients suffering from a variety of physical and psychological disorders. In the last decade, a number of MBIs specifically designed to treat addictive behaviors have been developed and tested. This review first provides a brief overview of the current state of the science with respect to the efficacy of MBIs for addictive behaviors, and some of the proposed mechanisms underlying the efficacy of MBIs. Second, the review highlights unresolved implementation issues and provides suggestions for how future research can address the implementation challenges in order to advance the delivery of MBIs. Specifically, this review focuses on the lack of clear empirical guidelines in the following areas: 1) effective training for MBI treatment providers; 2) adaptations of the traditional two-hour closed-cohort group format; 3) delivery of MBIs in one-on-one treatment contexts; 4) delivery of MBIs at different points in the change process; 5) delivery of MBIs via technology-based platforms; and 6) facilitation of precision medicine in the delivery of MBIs. Specific research directions are suggested with an eye towards a meaningful increase in access to MBIs for front-line clinicians and clients.

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“…Many empirically supported evidencebased treatments (e.g., motivational interviewing) aimed at reducing alcohol and cannabis use in emerging adults have positive outcomes (Davis et al, 2017;Laporte et al, 2018;Stein et al, 2018). A review of the literature shows that interventions which incorporate aspects of mindfulness, such as mindfulness-based relapse prevention or mindfulness meditation, are effective in reducing alcohol and cannabis use in subclinical (de Dios et al, 2012;Vinci et al, 2014) and clinical populations (Bowen et al, 2014;Enkema & Bowen, 2017;von Hammerstein et al, 2019). I may have observed differing results in this study since this sample consisted of a subclinical emerging adult population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood

Single

Keough

2020

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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Aims Emerging adulthood (i.e. ages 18–25) is a developmental phase associated with frequent alcohol and cannabis use, placing this population at risk for substance use problems. Depression and anxiety (i.e. emotional psychopathology) are also prevalent during this phase, and some emerging adults use substances to cope with these negative emotions. Mindfulness—a multifaceted construct—involves being present in a nonjudgmental and nonreactive way. Certain mindfulness facets are particularly relevant in buffering against substance use. A recent longitudinal study [Single A, Bilevicius E, Johnson EA. et al. (2019) Specific facets of trait mindfulness reduce risk for alcohol and drug use among first-year undergraduate students. Mindfulness 10:1269–1279] showed that specific mindfulness facets (i.e. acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience and nonreactivity to inner experience) predicted decreased alcohol and drug use in undergraduates. These pathways were explained by low levels of emotional psychopathology. Methods This study expanded this recent work by using a three time-point longitudinal design and by including measures of both alcohol and cannabis use and related problems. Using MTurk, participants (N = 299) completed online measures of trait mindfulness, depression, anxiety, alcohol and cannabis use and related problems at three time-points, each 2 weeks apart. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Results The acting with awareness and nonjudging of inner experience facets predicted fewer alcohol problems, but not alcohol use, and this effect was mediated by low levels of emotional psychopathology. These results were not supported for cannabis use and problems. Conclusion This study demonstrates that there may be differences in the pathways from trait mindfulness to alcohol and cannabis use during emerging adulthood.

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Mindfulness practice moderates the relationship between craving and substance use in a clinical sample

Abstract: Conclusions:These results indicate that increasing formal mindfulness practice may reduce the link between craving and substance use for MBRP participants and enhance remission resiliency.

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

An Open Trial of Rolling Admission Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Rolling MBRP): Feasibility, Acceptability, Dose-Response Relations, and Mechanisms

An Open Trial of Rolling Admission Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (Rolling MBRP): Feasibility, Acceptability, Dose-Response Relations, and Mechanisms

Mindfulness-based interventions for addictive behaviors: Implementation issues on the road ahead.

Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood

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