Mindfulness in Early Buddhism

Kuan, Tse-fu

doi:10.4324/9780203936146

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Compassion mediation (CM) involves techniques to cultivate compassion, or deep, genuine sympathy for those stricken by misfortune, together with an earnest wish to ease this suffering (Grossman & Van Dam, in press; Hopkins, 2001). Both forms of meditation (LKM and CM) are centrally related to, and include the practice of, mindfulness, as noted by many scholars and practitioners from varying traditions, including Theravadin, Japanese, and Chinese Zen (e.g., Bodhi, 2005; Kuan, 2008; Sanharakshita, 2004; Shen-Yen, 2001; Suzuki, 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions

Hofmann

Grossman²,

Hinton

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

718

511

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Mindfulness-based meditation interventions have become increasingly popular in contemporary psychology. Other closely related meditation practices include loving-kindness meditation (LKM) and compassion meditation (CM), exercises oriented toward enhancing unconditional, positive emotional states of kindness and compassion. This article provides a review of the background, the techniques, and the empirical contemporary literature of LKM and CM. The literature suggests that LKM and CM are associated with an increase in positive affect and a decrease in negative affect. Preliminary findings from neuroendocrine studies indicate that CM may reduce stress-induced subjective distress and immune response. Neuroimaging studies suggest that LKM and CM may enhance activation of brain areas that are involved in emotional processing and empathy. Finally, preliminary intervention studies support application of these strategies in clinical populations. It is concluded that, when combined with empirically supported treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, LKM and CM may provide potentially useful strategies for targeting a variety of different psychological problems that involve interpersonal processes, such as social anxiety, marital conflict, anger, and coping with the strains of long-term caregiving.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions

Hofmann

Grossman²,

Hinton

2011

Clinical Psychology Review

718

511

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“…On the one hand, this finding is different from previous tourism studies based on sociocognitive mindfulness which stressed that cognitive benefits resulted in higher levels of learning and satisfaction (Moscardo & Pearce, 1986). On the other hand, this finding is similar to clinical psychology meditative mindfulness practices studies, such as relaxation (Nyklíček, 2011), affective balance (Wallace & Shapiro, 2006), prevention of a proliferation of negative thoughts (Kuan, 2008), wellbeing (Teasdale, 1999), and mental health (Brown & Ryan, 2003).…”

Section: Psychological Experiential Benefitscontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Other transforming benefits such as mental ease and wellbeing are similar to the outcomes of formal mindfulness practices as previously discussed in clinical psychology and mind-body medicine studies (Brown & Ryan, 2003;Kabat-Zinn, 2003a;Kuan, 2008;Nyklíček, 2011;Teasdale, 1999;Wallace & Shapiro, 2006). The implication here is that meditative mindful travel experiences offer an interesting therapeutic perspective of wellbeing that incorporates the mind (psychological benefits including affection and cognition) and body (physical benefits), similar to an Eastern concept of health.…”

Section: Understanding Meditative Mindful Travel Experiencessupporting

confidence: 59%

An exploration of mindfulness and its experiential benefits: Taiwanese backpackers in Australia

Chen¹

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Stress in everyday life is common in our postmodern society leading some people to seek relief and fulfilment from a range of leisure and lifestyle activities such as travel experiences. Travel in itself, even adventurous or unstructured travel does not guarantee that travellers will receive positive benefits from their experiences. However, the notion of mindfulness may play an important role in producing positive consequences from different experiences. Thus, this study explores the nature and experiential benefits of 'meditative mindful' tourist experiences that can be experienced during travel.Mindfulness is a mental state that may facilitate positive experiences. Understanding the importance of mindfulness is becoming a mainstream field of academic study in many therapeutic settings.However, there has been little discussion of mindfulness theory as it might be applied to tourism studies. Previous research in tourism has mainly focused on socio-cognitive mindfulness related to visitor learning rather than meditative mindfulness experiences. These include contexts such as tourist-wildlife encounters, appreciation of scenery, or through interaction with other people. The conceptual framework in this thesis is based on the Eastern notion of meditative mindfulness and has been used in Western therapeutic studies. In the past decade, evidence of the effectiveness and application of meditative mindfulness has grown dramatically due to a developing dialogue between Buddhist traditions and Western clinical psychology. There is a growing interest in whether meditative mindful experiences can occur outside of formal therapeutic settings, including travel.However, it is not clear how meditative mindful tourism experiences might be defined or whether they occur at all during travel. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the antecedents and consequences of meditative mindful experiences in tourism contexts.This thesis presents an exploratory study of the occurrence as well as the antecedents and consequences of the meditative mindfulness phenomenon in a tourism context. A qualitative methodology based on an interpretive constructivist paradigm was adopted for the data collection.Taiwanese backpackers in Australia were selected as respondents and snowball sampling was used to recruit participants. In total, 43 semi-structured interviews were completed, and a total of 77 instances of meditative mindful experiences were identified. The semi-structured interviews were conducted in Brisbane (at backpacker hostels) and at Uluru (Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park), as these two main sites provided the best opportunities to meet Taiwanese backpackers. Two interview protocols were used in screening and extended interviews for qualifying and exploring the three research objectives. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. NVivo 10 qualitative analysis software was used to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the data analysis process.iii The findings indicated that meditative mindful ...

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“…In brief, in periods of low mood, negative thinking patterns that are associated with negative emotions and painful bodily sensations are thought to be reactivated automatically and may lead to relapse of depression by self-reinforcing cycles of ruminative thinking; this, in turn, is assumed to strengthen the association between dysphoria and depressogenic thinking and to increase the probability that ruminations are triggered in future episodes of low mood (Ma & Teasdale, 2004;Segal et al, 2013;Teasdale et al, 2000). In order to interrupt and prevent these processes, a core strategy of MBCT is the cultivation of mindfulness skills, derived from Buddhist traditions (Bhikkhu, 2000;Kabat-Zinn, 1990;Kuan, 2008;Peacock, 2014), which are supposed to target this self-perpetuating process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Theory of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy from the “Bayesian Brain” Perspective

Manjaly¹,

Iglesias²

2019

Preprint

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Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was developed to combine methods from cognitive behavioural therapy and meditative techniques, with the specific goal of preventing relapse in recurrent depression. While supported by empirical evidence from multiple clinical trials, the cognitive mechanisms behind the effectiveness of MBCT are not well understood in computational (information processing) or biological terms.This article introduces a testable theory about the computational mechanisms behind MBCT that is grounded in “Bayesian brain” concepts of perception from cognitive neuroscience, such as predictive coding. These concepts regard the brain as embodying a model of its environment (including the external world and the body) which predicts future sensory inputs and is updated by prediction errors, depending on how precise these error signals are.This article offers a concrete proposal how core concepts of MBCT – the being mode, decentring, and reactivity – could be understood in terms of perceptual and metacognitive processes that draw on specific computational mechanisms of the “Bayesian brain”. Importantly, the proposed theory can be tested experimentally, using a combination of behavioural paradigms, computational modelling, and neuroimaging. The novel theoretical perspective on MBCT described in this paper may offer opportunities for finessing the conceptual and practical aspects of MBCT.

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Mindfulness in Early Buddhism

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions

Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions

An exploration of mindfulness and its experiential benefits: Taiwanese backpackers in Australia

A Computational Theory of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy from the “Bayesian Brain” Perspective

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