Mindfulness based intervention in Parkinson's disease leads to structural brain changes on MRI

Pickut, Barbara A.; Hecke, Wim Van; Kerckhofs, Eric; Mariën, Peter; Vanneste, Sven; Cras, Patrick; Parizel, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.10.002

Cited by 149 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Some further studies have investigated correlations between brain changes and other variables related to mindfulness practice, such as stress reduction 40 , emotion regulation 39 or increased well-being 47 . Most studies include small sample sizes of between 10 and 34 subjects per group [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] .…”

Section: Changes In Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies varied in regard to the exact mindfulness meditation tradition under investigation [31][32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] , and multiple measurements have been used to investigate effects on both grey and white matter. Studies have captured cortical thickness 32,51 , grey-matter volume and/or density 33,40 , fractional anisotropy and axial and radial diffusivity 38,39 .…”

Section: Changes In Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation

2015

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Research over the past two decades broadly supports the claim that mindfulness meditation - practiced widely for the reduction of stress and promotion of health - exerts beneficial effects on physical and mental health, and cognitive performance. Recent neuroimaging studies have begun to uncover the brain areas and networks that mediate these positive effects. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear, and it is apparent that more methodologically rigorous studies are required if we are to gain a full understanding of the neuronal and molecular bases of the changes in the brain that accompany mindfulness meditation.

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Section: Changes In Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Brain Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation

2015

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“…Recent mental training and mindfulness research in humans (34-38) has begun to address changes in gray matter volume after the training of higher-level skills, such as present-moment attention and mindfulness based on contemplative practices (38)(39)(40)(41). However, most studies have been cross-sectional, focusing on meditation practitioners and not directly assessing training-related plasticity within training-naïve subjects (42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most studies have been cross-sectional, focusing on meditation practitioners and not directly assessing training-related plasticity within training-naïve subjects (42). The few published longitudinal training studies on structural plasticity to date have mainly assessed the effects of cultivating a rather broad range of mindfulness-related capacities, including attention, acceptance, and interoceptive awareness (39)(40)(41). Notably, samples in these studies were relatively small, and studies often lacked active control groups; furthermore, testing intervals were short, providing neither generalizable and robust estimates of brain change nor information about the effects of different types of mental practices on plasticity (38)(39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural plasticity of the social brain: Differential change after socio-affective and cognitive mental training

Valk¹,

Bernhardt²,

Trautwein³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Although neuroscientific research has revealed experience-dependent brain changes across the life span in sensory, motor, and cognitive domains, plasticity relating to social capacities remains largely unknown. To investigate whether the targeted mental training of different cognitive and social skills can induce specific changes in brain morphology, we collected longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data throughout a 9-month mental training intervention from a large sample of adults between 20 and 55 years of age. By means of various daily mental exercises and weekly instructed group sessions, training protocols specifically addressed three functional domains: (i) mindfulness-based attention and interoception, (ii) socio-affective skills (compassion, dealing with difficult emotions, and prosocial motivation), and (iii) socio-cognitive skills (cognitive perspective-taking on self and others and metacognition). MRIbased cortical thickness analyses, contrasting the different training modules against each other, indicated spatially diverging changes in cortical morphology. Training of present-moment focused attention mostly led to increases in cortical thickness in prefrontal regions, socio-affective training induced plasticity in frontoinsular regions, and sociocognitive training included change in inferior frontal and lateral temporal cortices. Module-specific structural brain changes correlated with training-induced behavioral improvements in the same individuals in domain-specific measures of attention, compassion, and cognitive perspective-taking, respectively, and overlapped with task-relevant functional networks. Our longitudinal findings indicate structural plasticity in well-known socio-affective and socio-cognitive brain networks in healthy adults based on targeted short daily mental practices. These findings could promote the development of evidence-based mental training interventions in clinical, educational, and corporate settings aimed at cultivating social intelligence, prosocial motivation, and cooperation.

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“…These changes were found in the frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, occipital lobe, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem, [4][5][6][7][8] and were found in healthy individuals, individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and patients with Parkinson's disease. In no cases were these changes associated with any negative outcomes, and the changes were sometimes correlated with positive psychological outcomes such as selfacceptance, purpose in life, autonomy and others.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Transcendental Meditation: Current State of Research

Holt¹

2015

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

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Mindfulness based intervention in Parkinson's disease leads to structural brain changes on MRI

Cited by 149 publications

References 36 publications

The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation

The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation

Structural plasticity of the social brain: Differential change after socio-affective and cognitive mental training

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Transcendental Meditation: Current State of Research

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