Mindfulness and Smartphone Addiction before Going to Sleep among College Students: The Mediating Roles of Self-Control and Rumination

Cheng, Shi Shi; Zhang, Chun-Qing; Wu, Jiang-Qiu

doi:10.3390/clockssleep2030026

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Bong et al (2021) explored the effects of adding music therapy to CBT on smartphone addiction symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities for 8 weeks, and proved that this was an effective treatment among Korean adolescents. In addition, mindfulness therapy was effective in reducing smartphone addiction (Cheng et al, 2020; Regan et al, 2020). Therefore, we suggest that medical students who exhibit serious smartphone addictions and psychiatric comorbidities seek professional treatment from a therapist or psychiatrist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies

Yu-fen

Liao

et al. 2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: High prevalence of smartphone addiction among medical students may contribute to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction, and explore the influencing factors and related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE were searched for relevant literature from the inception to September 10, 2021. Using Stata software 11.0, the meta-analysis of prevalence and the influencing factors of smartphone addiction were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Nineteen articles, published between 2014 and 2019, were included, producing medical student studies from seven different Asian countries. The included studies were conducted in India ( n = 11) and Malaysia ( n = 3), with China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Nepal, and Iran each contributing one study. Among a total of 5,497 medical students, the participants included 3,214 females, of whom 2,181 were medical students with smartphone addiction. The prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students was 41.93% (95% CI [36.24%, 47.72%]). The influencing factors of smartphone addiction among medical students included gender, duration of smartphone use, smartphone function, and marital status. Ten studies (52.63%) explored related mental health symptoms of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction was positively correlated with poor sleep quality ( r = .17–.31), stress ( r = .30–.40), anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and general health among Asian medical students. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction is highly prevalent among Asian medical students. Smartphone addiction may adversely affect mental health, resulting in sleep disturbance, stress, anxiety, depression, and neuroticism. It is necessary to take appropriate precautionary actions and interventions to prevent smartphone overuse among medical students.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies

Yu-fen

Liao

et al. 2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…Mindfulness training has been shown to reduce rumination levels and smartphone addiction in university students, and in combination with sleep hygiene sessions, improve sleep quantity in elite junior tennis players (Cheng et al, 2020;Lever et al, 2021). However, in some cases of severe sleep disturbance (i.e., insomnia) a referral for cognitive behavior therapy would be appropriate (Halson, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incorporation of mindfulness training into such workshops could be helpful for athletes who engage in frequent cognitive/emotional processing, particularly related to the appraisal of their sport involvement and performance (Kaier et al, 2016 ; O'Donnell and Driller, 2017 ). Mindfulness training has been shown to reduce rumination levels and smartphone addiction in university students, and in combination with sleep hygiene sessions, improve sleep quantity in elite junior tennis players (Cheng et al, 2020 ; Lever et al, 2021 ). However, in some cases of severe sleep disturbance (i.e., insomnia) a referral for cognitive behavior therapy would be appropriate (Halson, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Quality and Sleep Behaviors in Varsity Athletes: A Pilot Study

Rebello¹,

Roberts²,

Fenuta³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Sleep hygiene practices may hinder university athletes from obtaining quality sleep to support health and performance. We sought to provide a comprehensive evaluation of sleep quality and behaviors in varsity athletes using validated sleep questionnaires: the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ). Sixty-four (n = 64) athletes participated (54% female; 71% Caucasian). The mean age was 20.3 ± 1.7 years and the mean BMI was 23.3 ± 3.3. Fifty-one percent met the threshold for adequate sleep (7+ h) and 54% reported being somewhat/very satisfied with sleep quality. Global scores for ASSQ Sleep Difficulty and ASBQ sleep behaviors were significantly correlated (r = 0.31; p = 0.014) and not significantly different across age, academic year, or residence. According to the ASSQ, 11% and 24% were classified as having severe or moderate sleep problems, respectively. The ASBQ categorized 62% as having “poor” sleep behaviors. Notable sleep-influencing factors included a high frequency of emotional/cognitive processing of sport-performance issues (46.9%), frequent use of light-emitting devices before bed (90%), training after 7 pm (65%), and the use of sleep medication (19%). Half of the university athletes did not meet the thresholds for adequate sleep, and some may require a referral for clinical sleep issues. The majority of these athletes' sleep behaviors do not promote adequate sleep. The ASSQ shows utility to assess gradations in clinical sleep difficulty; the ASBQ could be used in concert with the ASSQ to discern “cognitive and physiological arousal” targets for use in educational workshops designed to promote optimal sleep hygiene in university athletes.

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“…This cognitive attitude toward depression can prevent negative thoughts from escalating to ruminative thinking. Research shows that mindfulness training is conducive to improving self-control ability of college students and reducing the ruminative thinking level ( Cheng et al, 2020 ) so as to inhibit the negative impact of smartphone addiction on college students before going to bed, thus promoting their sleep and mental health. In fact, from the essence of mindfulness, college students with a high mindfulness level can easily focus on learning, rather than thinking about the past and worrying about the future, which can reduce ruminative thinking and improve the sleep quality of college students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

Jia²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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The Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Ruminative Thinking Scale (RRS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are used to conduct the questionnaire among a sample of 1,006 college students (average age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.86 years) to figure out whether there is any correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality in college students as well as how the mechanism of mindfulness and ruminative thinking plays a role in them. For data analysis, the Harman single-factor test was used; for the common method deviation test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and the mediating effect tested by using the bootstrap method were carried out. Results: (1) Overall, 34% (PSQI ≥ 8) of college students’ sleep quality is poor. (2) The PSQI is positively correlated with ruminative thinking, while both are negatively correlated with the level of physical exercise and mindfulness; the level of physical exercise is positively correlated with the level of mindfulness. (3) Physical exercise can significantly negatively predict sleep quality (β = −0.08, P < 0.05), significantly positively predict mindfulness (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively predict ruminative thinking (β = −0.07, P < 0.05). When participate in physical exercise, mindfulness, and ruminative thinking enter the regression equation at the same time, only mindfulness and ruminative thinking can predict sleep quality(β = −0.15, P < 0.001) significantly negatively predicted sleep quality and ruminative thinking (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) significantly positively predicted sleep quality, while physical exercise (β = −0.04, P > 0.05) had no significant predictive effect on sleep quality. (4) After controlling for age and gender, physical exercise appears to have an impact on sleep quality of college students through the independent intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking and the chain intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking, with a total mediating effect value of −0.007. This study reveals the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, as well as its mechanism, thus guiding college students to actively participate in physical exercise. It also provides corresponding suggestions to improve sleep quality as well as physical and mental health in college students.

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Mindfulness and Smartphone Addiction before Going to Sleep among College Students: The Mediating Roles of Self-Control and Rumination

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies

Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies

Sleep Quality and Sleep Behaviors in Varsity Athletes: A Pilot Study

Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking

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