Mindfulness and cognitive training interventions that address intersecting cognitive and aging needs of older adults

Abstract

Summary Mindfulness and cognitive training interventions are promising models to address impacts (e.g., anxiety and stress) of cognitive impairment among older adults. Combining strategies may yield better outcomes than models offered in isolation. However, there are numerous uncertainties about these interventions, potential for combination, and implementation. Social workers are well placed to offer these interventions. Findings From an initial search of 3,538 records, 13 studies were included in the final review. Mindfulness studies focused on stress reduction or cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive training studies applied stimulation or activity approaches. Results indicate that the field is still emerging, as most studies were pilot or feasibility trials. A combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain training activities may offer the most promising model for older adults with cognitive impairment, based on outcome assessments and other factors. A common limitation among the reports was detailed on engaging older adults with cognitive challenges in the design and implementation of these interventions. Applications This realist review deepens the understanding of how, why, for whom, and in what circumstances a combination of mindfulness and cognitive training could be most successful for social workers to address intersecting cognitive and aging needs of older adults. Building evidence on combining mindfulness-based stress reduction and brain training activities among older adults with cognitive impairment could yield promising results, and this review identifies implementation considerations. The review also found a need for psychometric scale development on the benefits of brain training activities.

Adapting cognitive remediation group therapy: A community-based, focus group study

“…In existing literature, people living with HIV have highlighted the importance of group therapies for addressing cognitive difficulties, as groups can encourage social connections and community-building in the face of stigma [15][16][17]. There is also evidence that psychosocial interventions combining multiple strategies or modalities may demonstrate improved outcomes relative to those reliant on a single technique such as talk therapy [18,19].…”

Adapting Cognitive Remediation Group Therapy Online: Focus Groups with People Aging with HIV

“… 17 – 19 There is also evidence that psychosocial interventions combining multiple strategies or modalities may demonstrate improved outcomes relative to those reliant on a single technique such as talk therapy. 20 , 21 Moreover, emergent research suggests that social support is associated with improved cognitive functioning among middle-aged and older people living with HIV who also identify as sexual minorities (eg, gay or bisexual men). 22 This further underscores the importance of developing group interventions for individuals from underserved communities.…”