Mind-Wandering Changes in Dysphoria

Guesdon, Alice; Lejeune, François‐Xavier; Rotgé, Jean-Yves; George, Nathalie; Fossati, Philippe

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.544999

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Most were healthy participants who were not assessed for clinical diagnoses and recruited via convenience sampling. Notably, four studies consisted of clinical populations with a formal diagnosis, including individuals with social anxiety disorder (Arch et al, 2021), major depressive disorder (Giambra et al, 1994; Hoffmann et al, 2016; Rostami et al, 2022), and bipolar disorder (Rostami et al, 2022); and six studies included subclinical population experiencing maladaptive daydreaming (Abu-Rayya et al, 2019, 2020; Musetti et al, 2021), depressive symptoms (Crosswell et al, 2020; Guesdon et al, 2020), and chronic stress (Murphy et al, 2013). presents the characteristics of samples, information about where and when studies were published, descriptive statistics and measures of relevant variables as well as presence of moderators in all 76 included reports.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kam,

Wong,

Thiemann

et al. 2024

Psychological Bulletin

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There is a growing recognition that thoughts often arise independently of external demands. These thoughts can span from reminiscing your last vacation to contemplating career goals to fantasizing about meeting your favorite musician. Often referred to as mind wandering, such frequently occurring unprompted thoughts have widespread impact on our daily functions, with the dominant narrative converging on a negative relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being. In this systematic review of 76 studies, we implemented a meta-analysis and qualitative review to elucidate if and when unprompted thought is indeed negatively associated with affective well-being in adults. Using a multilevel mixed-model approach on 386 effect sizes from 23,168 participants across 64 studies, our meta-analyses indicated an overall relationship between unprompted thought and worse affective well-being (r = −.18, 95% CI [−.23, −.14]); however, the magnitude and direction of this relationship changed when considering specific aspects of the phenomenon (including thought content and intentionality) and methodological approaches (including questionnaires vs. experience sampling). The qualitative review further contextualizes this relationship by revealing the nuances of how and when unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. Taken together, our metaanalysis and qualitative review indicate that the commonly reported relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being is contingent upon the content and conceptualization of unprompted thought, as well as the methodological and analytic approaches implemented. Based on these findings, we propose emerging directions for future empirical and theoretical work that highlight the importance of accounting for when, how, and for whom unprompted thought is associated with affective well-being. Public Significance StatementA large portion of our mental content is "unprompted" by nature such that it is unrelated to the ongoing task or our physical surroundings. Our meta-analytic review provides a comprehensive overview of how unprompted thought relates to how we feel, revealing that unprompted thoughts are generally associated with reduced affective well-being. Notably, this relationship was mitigated and at times reversed depending on the content of unprompted thought as well as how it was defined and measured. We found that unprompted thoughts were associated with worse affective well-being only when thoughts were unintentional, ruminative, and contain negative content. In fact, this relationship was not reliable when time-sensitive measures were used, and it even turned positive during future-oriented, positive, or freely moving thoughts. Taken together, we found that the type and content of unprompted thought can determine whether it is linked to our happiness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kam,

Wong,

Thiemann

et al. 2024

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Dysphoria, being the opposite of euphoria, was composed of items representing thoughts of worthlessness, hopelessness and guilt. It may be related to emotion dysregulation, and has been associated with depressive episodes and cognitive impairment ( 94 , 95 ). These findings suggest that individuals with ARD are much more cognitively impaired than non-depressed individuals and are more likely to suffer from disordered thinking and worry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multivariate prediction model for antidepressant resistant depression using reward-related predictors

Liu,

Read

2024

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionIndividuals with depression who do not respond to two or more courses of serotonergic antidepressants tend to have greater deficits in reward processing and greater internalizing symptoms, yet there is no validated self-report method to determine the likelihood of treatment resistance based on these symptom dimensions.MethodsThis online case-control study leverages machine learning techniques to identify differences in self-reported anhedonia and internalizing symptom profiles of antidepressant non-responders compared to responders and healthy controls, as an initial proof-of-concept for relating these indicators to medication responsiveness. Random forest classifiers were used to identify a subset from a set of 24 reward predictors that distinguished among serotonergic medication resistant, non-resistant, and non-depressed individuals recruited online (N = 393). Feature selection was implemented to refine model prediction and improve interpretability.ResultsAccuracies for full predictor models ranged from .54 to .71, while feature selected models retained 3-5 predictors and generated accuracies of .42 to .70. Several models performed significantly above chance. Sensitivity for non-responders was greatest after feature selection when compared to only responders, reaching .82 with 3 predictors. The predictors retained from feature selection were then explored using factor analysis at the item level and cluster analysis of the full data to determine empirically driven data structures.DiscussionNon-responders displayed 3 distinct symptom profiles along internalizing dimensions of anxiety, anhedonia, motivation, and cognitive function. Results should be replicated in a prospective cohort sample for predictive validity; however, this study demonstrates validity for using a limited anhedonia and internalizing self-report instrument for distinguishing between antidepressant resistant and responsive depression profiles.

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“…These findings are consistent with previous findings that mind wandering in subclinically depressed individuals is more past-oriented and more negative, and these thoughts are strongly related to rumination [ 34 , 70 , 71 ]. During rumination, an individual is lost in self-related thought, which is similar to mind wandering without meta-awareness [ 34 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of trait and state mind wandering among schizotypal, subclinically depressed, and control individuals

Wang,

Chen,

Cui

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Mind wandering is a common phenomenon in daily life. However, the manifestations and cognitive correlates of mind wandering in different subclinical populations remain unclear. In this study, these aspects were examined in individuals with schizotypal traits and individuals with depressive symptoms, i.e., subclinical populations of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Methods Forty-two individuals with schizotypal traits, 42 individuals with subclinical depression, and 42 controls were recruited to complete a mind wandering thought sampling task (state level) and a mind wandering questionnaire (trait level). Measures of rumination and cognitive functions (attention, inhibition, and working memory) were also completed by participants. Results Both subclinical groups exhibited more state and trait mind wandering than did the control group. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal traits demonstrated more trait mind wandering than individuals with subclinical depression. Rumination, sustained attention, and working memory were associated with mind wandering. In addition, mind wandering in individuals with subclinical depression can be accounted for by rumination or attention, while mind wandering in individuals with high schizotypal traits cannot be accounted for by rumination, attention, or working memory. Conclusions The results suggest that individuals with high schizotypal traits and subclinical depression have different patterns of mind wandering and mechanisms. These findings have implications for understanding the unique profile of mind wandering in subclinical individuals.

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Mind-Wandering Changes in Dysphoria

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

On the relationship between unprompted thought and affective well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Development of a multivariate prediction model for antidepressant resistant depression using reward-related predictors

Comparison of trait and state mind wandering among schizotypal, subclinically depressed, and control individuals

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