MIMO Satellite Communication Systems: A Survey From the PHY Layer Perspective

The concept, technical architecture, applications and impacts of satellite internet: A systematic literature review

“…(1) The physical layer is considered the cornerstone of Satellite Internet applications and services. Because the physical layer is primarily responsible for the connection, access, and signal transmission between physical devices[ 55 ], it must comply with specific parameters to maintain communication quality and system sustainability [ 2 ]. All physical components, including satellites, UAVs, HAPS, IoT devices, sensors, and other peripheral objects, should be placed.…”

“…Following wired and wireless communications, Satellite Internet is regarded as a major breakthrough in providing global seamless coverage in next-generation 6G oriented Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) [ 1 , 2 ]. With the accelerated evolution of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation, Satellite Internet will become the main battlefield for strategic technological competition among countries and a crucial domain for a country to obtain new advantages in global network competition owing to its fundamental nature, penetrative capability, and empowerment effect [ 3 ].…”

Resource Optimization for Integrated Terrestrial Non-Terrestrial Networks Involving IRS

“…2) UAV placement: We find the optimal locations of the UAV v, given the current user association α. The objective function for this subproblem can be denoted as F (2) . The decision variable is the location of the UAV v u,l , and the constraint is (6i).…”

“…Given the current user association α, we solve the above optimization problem to find the optimal UAV locations v that maximize F (2) while satisfying constraint (6i).…”

“…ITNTNs involve satellites in the space, high altitude platforms and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the air and base stations (BSs) on the surface. With the potential to reduce latency, provide global connectivity, and support emerging applications like sixth-generation (6G), ITNTNs offer a versatile and future-proof communications framework that addresses the evolving needs of modern society [2].…”