“…To increase the throughput, the precision motion stage in lithography machine has to operate at high speed and high acceleration, which requires a lower moving mass or larger driven force (Boeren et al, 2020;Kuang et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2021;Voorhoeve et al, 2021;Kuang et al, 2022). Voice coil motor is widely used in nano-accuracy motion stages because of its advantages in high force linearity and low stiffness as contactless direct actuators (Song et al, 2018;Li L. et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020;Song et al, 2022).…”