MIMO communications within the HF band using compact antenna arrays

Gunashekar, Salil; Warrington, E.M.; Feeney, S.M.; Salous, Sana; Abbasi, Nasir M.

doi:10.1029/2010rs004416

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Previous characterizations of HF MIMO channels have been described by Gunashekar et al in [17], involving different arrangements of collocated active antennas at the receive end. This receiving system takes benefit of the polarization sensitivity of the different sensors in the same way that the couple of vertical loop antennas used in our project.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This receiving system takes benefit of the polarization sensitivity of the different sensors in the same way that the couple of vertical loop antennas used in our project. However, the work in [17] is based on the transmission of non-modulated carriers separated by an interval of 10 Hz to ensure their identification at the receiver; the MIMO channel is then characterized inside a narrow bandwith equal to 30 Hz. Therefore, it is not relevant to compare the channel correlation coefficients estimated in both projects as the conditions are not similar.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Ndao

Erhel

Lemur

et al. 2013

J Wireless Com Network

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A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for trans-horizon radio communications within the high-frequency (HF) band (3 to 30 MHz) is presented. The diversity of transmitted polarizations is proposed as an alternative to spatial diversity in order to limit the aperture of antenna arrays at both ends of the radio link. In a theoretical step providing the estimation of capacity gain for different MIMO architectures, a 2 × 2 MIMO solution transmitting two complementary circular polarizations is identified as a balanced trade-off between performance increase and complexity. The design of the corresponding system is described with a focus on antenna arrays and the kind of signal processing that should be implemented. This novel communication system has been tested on a 280-km-long radio link. The first results underline a data transfer rate reaching a value of 24.09 kbps (in a 4.2-kHz bandwidth) that significantly exceeds the current standards for HF modems.

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Section: Discussion Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of the Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Ndao

Erhel

Lemur

et al. 2013

J Wireless Com Network

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“…Figure b shows the calculated results, which agree well with the ECCs evaluated by using the S parameters. In general, an ECC less than 0.7 is desired for base‐station MIMO antennas [ Gunashekar et al ., ]. For our fabricated prototype, the ECC is all smaller than 0.3, and they are generally below 0.1, which are much better than the ECC criterion.…”

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An isolation-enhanced quad-element antenna using suspended solid wires for LTE small-cell base stations

Chen

Zhou

2017

Radio Sci.

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This paper presents a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna that has four‐unit elements enabled by an isolation technique for long‐term evolution (LTE) small‐cell base stations. While earlier studies on MIMO base‐station antennas cope with either a lower LTE band (698–960 MHz) or an upper LTE band (1710–2690 MHz), the proposed antenna meets the full LTE specification, yet it uses the maximum number of unit elements to increase channel capacity. The antenna configuration is optimized for good impedance matching and high radiation efficiency. In particular, as the spacing between unit elements is so small that severe mutual coupling occurs, we propose a simple structure with extremely low costs to enhance the isolation. By using suspended solid wires interconnecting the position having strong coupled current of two adjacent elements, an isolation enhancement of 37 dB is achieved. Although solid wires inherently aim at direct‐current applications, this work successfully employs such a low‐cost technique to microwave antenna development. Experimental results have validated the design guidelines and the proposed configuration, showing that antenna performances including impedance matching, isolation, radiation features, signal correlation, and channel capacity gain are highly desired for LTE small‐cell base stations.

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“…In the last decade, researchers have recognized the importance of the characteristic waves, the extraordinary (X) and ordinary (O), that in general are elliptically polarized with opposite senses, in realizing polarization diversity and HF skywave MIMO communications without the need of large spacing between antennas [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. While [7][8][9][10] discover, by simulation and experiment, a lower correlation among subchannels and a greater capacity gain over SISO channels when an antenna structure with two complementary circular polarizations is used compared to a system with linearly polarized antennas, [14] shows mathematically that linearly-polarized antennas can achieve polarization diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hf Skywave Polarized Mimo Channels With Oblique One-Hop Paths

Umaisaroh¹,

Hendrantoro²,

Dear³

2019

PIER C

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The presence of the O and X modes in the HF skywave propagation has previously been investigated experimentally for their role in providing polarization diversity and improving channel capacity when a MIMO structure is employed. A mathematical treatment of MIMO channel modelling and capacity improvement has also been reported but limited to NVIS links only. This paper reports the mathematical derivation of the HF 2 × 2 polarized MIMO channels when cross-dipoles, i.e., a pair of orthogonally polarized horizontally-oriented dipoles, are used at both ends to examine the cross-polarization property and capacity improvement factor (CIF), with the transmitter-receiver range being near enough to allow single-hop paths only but also distant enough to make the trajectory oblique. Results on the cross-polarization property suggest that the power contributions of the waves from the two transmitters that arrive at each receiver are equal. In addition, the signal from any one of the transmitters is received by the two receivers with unbalanced powers that depend on the phase shift difference between the O and X paths. It is also observed that on average the MIMO channels with oblique paths have lower capacity than the NVIS MIMO channels due to the reduced orthogonality between polarizations of antennas in the dual-antenna system at each end. The above hypotheses are confirmed through ray-tracing simulation and field measurement over a 575 km HF radio link.

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MIMO communications within the HF band using compact antenna arrays

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture

An isolation-enhanced quad-element antenna using suspended solid wires for LTE small-cell base stations

Hf Skywave Polarized Mimo Channels With Oblique One-Hop Paths

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