Mimicking Adhesion in Minimal Synthetic Cells

Bartelt, Solveig Mareike; Chervyachkova, Elizaveta; Ricken, Julia; Wegner, Seraphine V.

doi:10.1002/adbi.201800333

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…To understand and reconstitute machinery of native cells, complex membrane proteins such as ion channels, ATPases, proton pumps and SNARE proteins are incorporated to recapitulate cell behaviors, which will be discussed in details in Section 3. [2,4,[58][59][60][61]70]…”

Section: Phospholipid Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[154,366,380] The migration of synthetic cells can be achieved by manipulating their reversible adhesion to substrates (Figure 22). [58,381] For instance, proteins iLID and Micro are immobilized on a GUV and substrate respectively. These two proteins interact with each other and dissociate under blue light and in dark respectively.…”

Section: Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54,55] Owing to the progress in fabrication techniques and understanding of cellular functions, the progress in the functionalities of synthetic cells has been tremendous. For instance, great progress has been made to recreate specific and complex cellular functions in synthetic cell modules, [56][57][58][59] especially in energy modules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration [60,61] and energy conversion modules of CO 2 fixation. [62] In addition, the recent discovery of macromolecule crowding in living cells may contribute to the high efficiency of intracellular/ subcellular enzymatic reactions, thus stimulating enormous interests of coacervate droplets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] Moreover, the development in cell-inspired novel carriers for therapeutic nuclei acids and proteins has been progressed excitingly with translational successes. For a prosperous and interdisciplinary field like synthetic cells, there are reviews summarizing from specific aspects, for instance, tailoring appearance of synthetic cells, [2,[70][71][72] elucidating specific functions of synthetic cell modules, [2,71,73] which include adhesion, [58] growth, [57] energy regeneration/conversion, [4,[59][60][61] gene circuits, [56,74] and cellular interactions, [75][76][77] exclusively focusing on applications of synthetic compartments such as delivery carriers [10,18,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][22][23][24]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Matter Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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products of evolution over billions of years. They are featured by multiple hierarchical compartments performing specialized and exquisitely coordinated functions. The biological and genetic complexity of cells and subcellular components make understanding their physicochemical foundation piece by piece challenging. [1-5] Moreover, the mystery of how the very first cell, protocell, comes into exist in early earth scenario is unveiled yet. [6] Motivated by understanding protocell and biological cells, synthetic cells are being constructed. Started form the simplest form, aqueous droplet enclosed by a bilayer structure, researchers adopt a bottom-up approach to study machineries of biological cells, and explore possible forms of the protocell in early world conditions. [7] Synthetic cells are important to bridge the gap between cellular organism and nonliving matter. They refer to synthetic compartments that encapsulate a wide variety of molecules and mimic one or multiple cellular functions. By segregation of contents in different compartments, synthetic cells are now engineered to perform multiple processes and functions, including segregating genetic information, genetic circuits, protein synthesis, metabolism, growth, reproduce, recognition, intercellular crosstalk, and adaptivity to surroundings. [8-17] In these simplified cell models, cellular processes and signal pathways are reconstituted, providing insights for cell biology and offering new opportunities for designing smart cell-like carriers of therapeutics. [18-26] In addition, the hypothesis of "RNA world" has inspired the investigation of synthetic compartments as protocells, in which nucleotide permeation, compartmental division, the synthesis of macromolecular polynucleotide, and the polymerization of ribonucleic acids (RNA) are explored. [7,27,28] The beginning of synthesizing cell-like structures starts from amphiphiles self-assembled at liquid/liquid interfaces to form enclosed compartments. [29-32] Recently, techniques such as microfluidics facilitate the fabrication of complex compartments with high-order hierarchy with excellent control. [33-36] Formulations of compartmentalization can be diverse, there are reviews mainly focused on one particular type of synthetic compartments, such as lipid vesicles (liposomes), [22,30,37,38] polymer vesicles (polymersomes), [39-43] lipid-polymer hybrid Synthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to enzymatic nanoreactors. Living cells rely on compartmentalization to orchestrate reaction networks for specialized and coordinated functions. Principally, the compartmentalization has been an essential engineering theme in constructing cell-mimicking systems. Here, efforts to engineer liquid-liquid interfaces of multiphase systems into membrane-bounded and membraneless compartments, which include lipid vesicles, polymer vesicles, colloidosomes, hybrids, and coacervate droplets,...

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Section: Phospholipid Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Matter Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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“…[ 15 ] The real‐time response to changes in the environmental inputs requires the direct and integrated sensing of different stimuli by the adhesion coupled receptors of a cell. In minimal synthetic cells different triggers such as temperature, [ 16,17 ] pH, [ 18,19 ] metal ions, [ 20 ] redox potential, [ 21,22 ] and light [ 23–26 ] have been used to regulate their functions, including the adhesion to substrates. [ 23,26 ] While these examples represent systems that respond to one parameter in their environment, the challenge remains to construct “smart” synthetic cells which can sense and integrate multiple signals and adhere to places with the right combination of stimuli to perform their function, analogous to natural cells.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Multistimuli Sensing Adhesion Unit for the Self‐Positioning of Minimal Synthetic Cells

Kleineberg

Vidaković‐Koch

et al. 2020

Small

Self Cite

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Cells have the ability to sense different environmental signals and position themselves accordingly in order to support their survival. Introducing analogous capabilities to the bottom‐up assembled minimal synthetic cells is an important step for their autonomy. Here, a minimal synthetic cell which combines a multistimuli sensitive adhesion unit with an energy conversion module is reported, such that it can adhere to places that have the right environmental parameters for ATP production. The multistimuli sensitive adhesion unit senses light, pH, oxidative stress, and the presence of metal ions and can regulate the adhesion of synthetic cells to substrates in response to these stimuli following a chemically coded logic. The adhesion unit is composed of the light and redox responsive protein interaction of iLID and Nano and the pH sensitive and metal ion mediated binding of protein His‐tags to Ni2+‐NTA complexes. Integration of the adhesion unit with a light to ATP conversion module into one synthetic cell allows it to adhere to places under blue light illumination, non‐oxidative conditions, at neutral pH and in the presence of metal ions, which are the right conditions to synthesize ATP. Thus, the multistimuli responsive adhesion unit allows synthetic cells to self‐position and execute their functions.

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DNA‐Based Assembly of Multi‐Compartment Polymersome Networks

Luo

Göpfrich

Platzman

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Polymersomes exhibit increased stability and reduced permeability compared to conventional lipid-based compartments-making them an increasingly popular choice for the bottom-up construction of synthetic cells. Here, the contraction and expansion of functionalized polymersome networks controlled by cholesterol-tagged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is demonstrated. Different types of block-copolymer membranes are systematically screened to design a general framework for the self-assembly of cholesterol-tagged DNA into the polymersome membrane. Since the developed approach is DNA-based, the individual symmetric and asymmetric functionalization of the inner and outer polymersome leaflets is possible, a feature which makes it unique in terms of anchoring flexibility and efficiency. In addition to the variety with regard to functionalization, the choice of DNA and temperature can also be used to manipulate the polymersome contact line and the polymersome bending energy. Overall, the strategy potentially allows for the unprecedented possibility to precisely control the contraction and expansion of polymersome network assembly.

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Mimicking Adhesion in Minimal Synthetic Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 80 publications

Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Matter Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications

Interface Engineering in Multiphase Systems toward Synthetic Cells and Organelles: From Soft Matter Fundamentals to Biomedical Applications

Multistimuli Sensing Adhesion Unit for the Self‐Positioning of Minimal Synthetic Cells

DNA‐Based Assembly of Multi‐Compartment Polymersome Networks

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