Mimetic peptides of human apoA-I helix 10 get together to lower lipids and ameliorate atherosclerosis: is the action in the gut?

Treating the Intestine with Oral ApoA-I Mimetic Tg6F Reduces Tumor Burden in Mouse Models of Metastatic Lung Cancer

“…One hour after injection into the tail vein of the 4F peptide in C57BL/6 mice, more peptide was found in the small intestine than in the liver 23 . These data together with our prior publications on the 4F peptide 24 , 25 and the published data from a peptide structurally unrelated to the 4F or 6F peptides 26 , 27 indicate that apoA-I mimetic peptides can act in the intestine to alter systemic inflammation, even in the absence of detectable blood peptide levels.…”

Anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-reducing properties of apolipoprotein mimetics: a review

“…This holds true for recently described nanoparticle formulations of monomeric and trimeric apoA-I mimetic peptides which reduce lesions in LDLR Ϫ / Ϫ mice ( 89 ). As discussed by Wool and colleagues, lipid lowering does not appear to be a critical component of the atheroprotective response to apoA-I mimetics ( 145 ). While current data point to the intestine as a critical site of apoA-I mimetic peptide action, underlying mechanisms have not been defi ned.…”

Source and role of intestinally derived lysophosphatidic acid in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis

“…These studies suggest that this pathway might be a fruitful line of investigation for future studies. The recent publication by Zhao et al ( 69 ) showing that an apoA-I mimetic peptide structurally different from the 4F and 6F peptides was effective after oral administration despite the absence of detectable plasma levels strongly suggests that the site of action for multiple apoA-I mimetic peptides may be in the gut ( 69,70 ). The results reported here suggest that studying the role of apoA-I mimetic peptides in LysoPC metabolism in the small intestine may be a fruitful line of research.…”