Millipede (Diplopoda) assemblages alter drastically by urbanisation

Abstract

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Taxonomic and Functional Response of Millipedes (Diplopoda) to Urban Soil Disturbance in a Metropolitan Area

“…Most of the recorded species are widespread in Europe [41,42]. Millipedes from urban and other anthropogenic habitats were previously investigated in several European cities [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Discussing some of these data, Vilisics et al [53] stated that urban areas can be characterized by 14-26 species on average.…”

“…Mwabvu [55], studying spirostreptid millipedes, also reported that species richness decreased with increasing urban disturbance. In a rural-urban gradient study (Debrecen, Hungary), Bogyó et al [43] found the highest millipede abundance, species richness, and diversity in the suburban area. Higher functional diversity of millipedes was observed in less urbanized habitats that are rich in decaying wood and leaf litter, as reported by Nagy et al [56] for woodlice.…”

Insects Along Urban-Rural Gradients

“…Each hypothesis is supported by published studies, but numerous variations occur, and many authors have opted to 'test' for one or other hypothesis, rather than the full possible range. For millipedes ( Diplopoda ) in Hungary, Bogyo et al ( 2014 ) found considerable support for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, with numbers of individuals and species richness signifi cantly highest in suburban areas, with (1) the ratio of forest specialist individuals and species decreasing along the rural-urban gradient, and (2) the ratio of synanthropic individuals and species increasing significantly. Average body size was lower in urban areas than elsewhere.…”

Allometry for sexual dimorphism in millipedes (Diplopoda)

“…Size differences correlate with factors such as color, sexes, species, urbanisation and water relations [7][8][9][10][11] . Diplopoda resemble the majority of invertebrates where SSD is reversed [12] .…”