Milling and handling Cynara Cardunculus L. for use as solid biofuel: Experimental tests

Gil, Miguel; Arauzo, Inmaculada; Teruel, Enrique; Bartolomé, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.02.023

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The literature has commonly presented pellets length and diameter but has not discussed these characteristics in raw materials, despite their importance in the pelletizing process. Gil, Arauzo, Teruel, and Bartolome (2012) highlighted the milling process importance for particle homogenization. A study carried out by Carone, Pantaleo, and Pellerano (2011) showed that the size of biomass particles is among the most important factors influencing the pellets density and hardness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Sugarcane bagasse pellets: characterization and comparative analysis

2017

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ABSTRACT. This paper presents a study carried out in a Brazilian pellet industry in order to determine the main properties of sugarcane bagasse pellets. Materials ), ash content (8.70%), fixed carbon (14.03%), volatile matter (77.27%), nitrogen (0.28%), sulphur (0.02%) and chlorine (< 0.02 %). The results are compared with those obtained from the literature and discussed according to international standards for biomass pellets, wood pellets and solid biofuel. The comparative analysis showed that there are differences between the results found in our study in comparison with other studies and international standards. The paper also presents the production process energy consumption and cost analysis. ), o teor de cinzas (8,70%), o carbono fixo (14,03%), as matérias voláteis (77,27%), o nitrogênio (0,28%), o enxofre (0,02%) e o cloro (< 0,02 %). Os resultados são comparados com outros obtidos a partir da literatura e discutidos de acordo com normas internacionais para pellets da biomassa, pellets de madeira e biocombustível sólido. A análise comparativa mostrou que existem diferenças entre os resultados encontrados em nosso estudo em comparação com outros estudos e normas internacionais. O artigo também apresenta uma análise de consumo e custos com energia no processo produtivo.Palavras-chave: pellets, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, biomassa, bioenergia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Sugarcane bagasse pellets: characterization and comparative analysis

2017

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“…The tensile tester measured significant strength differences between the materials that were consistent with experimental arching behavior. However, the above arching test results were limited by the small scale of the hopper used, while for a conventional particulate solid the critical arching dimension is independent of the vessel size, results from [31,34,38,39] suggest that this is not the case for elastic, flaky and fibrous biomass materials. Further work is therefore urgently required to better understand the relationship between vessel size; fill height and or diameter on the arching behavior, to assist with the development of a reliable design procedure for gravity discharge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A clue to the effect of increasing vessel size (and hence increasing magnitude of consolidation stress) is provided by the observation that the critical arching dimension increases as the filling level of biomass in the vessel is rising [31,34]. The role of consolidation stress has been confirmed by arching tests on biomass beds compacted by an external load [38,39]. Barletta and Poletto carried out a direct assessment of the Jenike design method performing experiments on a wedge shaped hopper [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment on bulk solids best practice techniques for flow characterization and storage/handling equipment design for biomass materials of different classes

Berry

Larsson

Lestander

et al. 2015

Fuel Processing Technology

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This paper shows the results of a collaborative project in which four different laboratories have carried out complementary characterization tests on samples of the same set of lignocellulosic biomass materials with the objectives of better understanding their properties and identifying any critical features of the different characterization procedures. Three different types of material were used as model biomasses: 1) Scots pine wood chips, as an example of a coarse and flaky particulate biomass with some elastic properties; 2) chopped straw of reed canary grass as a nesting biomass having long and flaky fibers; 3) Scots pine wood powder as a fine particulate with elastic and cohesive properties. Particle size and shape analyses were carried out with; calipers, 2D image analysis, 3D image analysis (ScanChip) and through mechanical sieving. Applications and validity limits of each of these techniques are evaluated and discussed. The flow function and internal friction 2 were determined with a Schulze ring shear tester, a Brookfield powder flow tester and a large ring shear tester. No significant differences in the results generated by these shear testing techniques were found. Wall friction measurements were carried out with a Schulze ring shear tester; a Brookfield powder flow tester; a large Jenike shear tester and a Casagrande shear box. Results, in this case, showed significant differences with a higher wall friction coefficient obtained with the larger shear cell. Additionally, tensile strengths of biomass materials were measured by the use of a novel measurement technique. Arching tests were carried out in a pilot scale plane silo with variable hopper geometry and results were compared with those predicted by applying the Jenike procedure and a modified procedure which assumed tensile strength was the controlling material property (rather than unconfined yield strength). Finally, safety of handling and storage was assessed by carrying out explosion tests on dusts from Scots pine and reed canary grass.KEYWORDS: lignocellulosic biomass, particle size, particle shape, flowability, arching, explosion RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Suitable test methods were classified for three biomass classes  Different particle sizing methods give a wide range of results  Shear tests do not discriminate flowability differences between the biomass classes  Arching behavior depends more on tensile strength than on compressive strength  Scots pine and reed canary grass dusts are flammable

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“…Paulrud et al [2] found that tendency to bridge was a combined effect between particle size and shape for wood powder (d p b 2.25 mm). Gil et al [28] also observed this tendency for three kinds of milled cardoon at different particle size (d p b 0.5-5 mm), and later reported the underlying mechanism that govern the handling behavior for poplar and corn stover (d p b 5 mm), partially, due to effects of particle size and shape [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%