Millimetre-wave channel impulse response measurements and comparison with ray-tracing simulation results

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

“…Different analyses of mmwave channels [43], [146] show that the direct wave and the first-order reflected waves carries most power in LOS propagation environments, while diffraction and second-order reflection play an important role in NLOS propagation. The work [147] demonstrates agreement of channels inside a sport pavilion based on ray-tracing and measurements with varying complexity of building data, showing that the most complex building data would be needed to predict channels from inside to outside of the pavilion. The work [148] introduces a beam-tracing method instead of the ray-tracing to reduce the number of path traces in the prediction.…”