Millimeter waves and 5G standard: addition to the review

Abstract

The fifth generation (5G) telecommunication systems are about to be implemented worldwide. It is argued here that millimeter waves used in 5G cannot be more harmful per unit of absorbed energy than infrared radiation. In the literature, there is neither convincing evidence nor theoretical considerations in favor of carcinogenic or damaging (up to the level of thermal damage) effects of millimeter waves. Excessively strict safety regulations are unfavorable for the economy and everyday life. Epidemiological data are important; but more attention should be given to potential bias and confounding factors. Large-scale animal experiments with the registration of average life duration would be a reliable way to determine the net harm. The doses and exposure duration in animals must be comparable to those in related human populations to make results extrapolable to humans.