“…Furthermore, RFAs do not require radio frequency (RF) modules, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and digital-to-analog converters (DACs), rendering RFAs less complicated and more affordable than phased array antennas. Given these advantages, RFAs have been employed for satellite communications [1], [2], [3], radars, point-to-point terrestrial links, 5G [4], [5], and beyond. However, as a type of microstrip antenna, RFAs generally exhibit limited…”