Millimeter-wave propagation at street level in an urban environment

Violette, E. J.; Espeland, R H; DeBolt, R.O.; Schwering, F.

doi:10.1109/36.3038

Cited by 100 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The losses due to various shadowing objects on a street such as pedestrians and cars at 60 GHz are summarized in [4]. Brick walls and tinted glasses which are most likely coated by metallic film incur more than 25 dB losses easily in penetration and hence are almost serving as isolating media [2], [43], [44]. [45], [46] report pathloss models at 60 GHz for inter-vehicular scenarios in various traffic conditions with link-shadowing cars inbetween, showing the pathloss exponent being close to or smaller than the free space and the significant excess loss due to the link-shadowing cars.…”

Section: Large-scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deployment of mm-wave radios for broadband data transfer was considered in the late 80's for outdoor scenarios. The deployment mainly concerns fixed point-topoint links, where the radio wave propagation in urban street canyons and the attenuation due to penetration through tree canopies were reported already as influential phenomena of such links [2], [3]. Later in the 90's the deployment scenario was extended to indoor scenarios where human blockage and penetration loss through walls are the major interests of investigation to determine the coverage and the link budget.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

Haneda

2015

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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SUMMARYMillimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio is attracting attention as one of the key enabling physical layer technologies for the fifthgeneration (5G) mobile access and backhaul. This paper aims at clarifying possible roles of mm-wave radio in the 5G development and performing a comprehensive literature survey on mm-wave radio channel modeling essential for the feasibility study. Emphasis in the literature survey is laid on grasping the typical behavior of mm-wave channels, identifying missing features in the presently available channel models for the design and evaluation of the mm-wave radio links within the 5G context, and exemplifying different channel modeling activities through analyses performed in the authors' group. As a key technological element of the mm-wave radios, reduced complexity beamforming is also addressed. Design criteria of the beamforming are developed based on the spatial multipath characteristics of measured indoor mm-wave channels.

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Section: Large-scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

Haneda

2015

IEICE Trans. Commun.

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“…In addition, wideband NLOS measurements were performed by Violette et al at the 9.6, 28.8, and 57. 6 GHz bands in downtown Denver, where the results showed significant signal attenuation due 2 Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing to obstruction by large buildings [9]. Propagation through a canopy of orchard trees was measured using continuous wave (CW) signals at 9.6, 28.8, and 57.6 GHz [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Corridor Wideband Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for 5G Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications at 19 GHz, 28 GHz, and 38 GHz Bands

Al-Samman

Rahman

Azmi

2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This paper presents millimeter wave (mmWave) measurements in an indoor environment. The high demands for the future applications in the 5G system require more capacity. In the microwave band below 6 GHz, most of the available bands are occupied; hence, the microwave band above 6 GHz and mmWave band can be used for the 5G system to cover the bandwidth required for all 5G applications. In this paper, the propagation characteristics at three different bands above 6 GHz (19, 28, and 38 GHz) are investigated in an indoor corridor environment for line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) scenarios. Five different path loss models are studied for this environment, namely, close-in (CI) free space path loss, floating-intercept (FI), frequency attenuation (FA) path loss, alpha-beta-gamma (ABG), and close-in free space reference distance with frequency weighting (CIF) models. Important statistical properties, such as power delay profile (PDP), root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and azimuth angle spread, are obtained and compared for different bands. The results for the path loss model found that the path loss exponent (PLE) and line slope values for all models are less than the free space path loss exponent of 2. The RMS delay spread for all bands is low for the LOS scenario, and only the directed path is contributed in some spatial locations. For the NLOS scenario, the angle of arrival (AOA) is extensively investigated, and the results indicated that the channel propagation for 5G using high directional antenna should be used in the beamforming technique to receive the signal and collect all multipath components from different angles in a particular mobile location.

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“…Reflection and penetration characteristics of common building materials as well as diffraction effects are also factors that greatly impact the propagation of mmWave signals [9]. It was shown in [10] that the penetration loss of 9.6, 28.8 and 57.6 GHz waves increased by 25 dB to 50 dB when the glass surface was metal coated. The research in [10,11] also shows that no signal was detected through brick pillars throughout the mmWave signals, yet signals through a hollow plasterboard wall resulted in a penetration loss ranging between 5.4 dB and 8.1 dB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was shown in [10] that the penetration loss of 9.6, 28.8 and 57.6 GHz waves increased by 25 dB to 50 dB when the glass surface was metal coated. The research in [10,11] also shows that no signal was detected through brick pillars throughout the mmWave signals, yet signals through a hollow plasterboard wall resulted in a penetration loss ranging between 5.4 dB and 8.1 dB. To overcome these loss mechanisms, higher gain, i.e., directional antennas, are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Cell Search for mmWave Cellular Networks Using Deterministic Scanning Algorithm with Directional Array Antenna

2017

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Millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication is considered as an enabling technology for the next generation of cellular networks because it offers much larger bandwidth and higher data rate than the current lower-frequency cellular systems to satisfy the exponential growth of mobile data demand. High gain directional antennas are needed to overcome high propagation losses in mmWave bands. However, the reliance on highly directional antennas will result in a more complicated initial cell search procedure since both base station and mobile device have to look for each other over a large space to establish the link. This paper focuses on analyzing the performance of the directional cell search procedure where the base stations periodically transmit signals in a set of optimal directional patterns to scan the coverage area. The mobile terminals detect the signals from the base station using the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT). The results show that with an appropriate scanning scheme, the use of directional antennas can outperform their omnidirectional counterparts in terms of signal detection performance as well as total time required.

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Millimeter-wave propagation at street level in an urban environment

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

Indoor Corridor Wideband Radio Propagation Measurements and Channel Models for 5G Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications at 19 GHz, 28 GHz, and 38 GHz Bands

Improved Cell Search for mmWave Cellular Networks Using Deterministic Scanning Algorithm with Directional Array Antenna

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