Millimeter-Wave Multibeam Antenna Based on Folded C-Type SIW

Sun, Qiang; Ban, Yong-Ling; Lian, Ji-Wei; Liu, Yanhui; Nie, Zaiping

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2966050

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among them, FCSIW has been widely used because it has the lowest loss figure while providing size miniaturization. In [90], a mm-wave multibeam array antenna using FCSIW technology is proposed. A miniaturized 4 × 4 Butler matrix and a single-branch slot-array are described, where the designs exhibit 40% and 33.2% reduction in occupied surface for the Butler matrix and the whole multibeam array antenna, respectively, in comparison with their standard SIW counterparts, while demonstrating similar RF performance.…”

Section: ) Miniaturized Transmission Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

2021

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To support the ever-increasing demand on connectivity and datarates, multiple beam antennas are identified as a critical technology for the fifth generation (5G), the sixth generation (6G) and more generally beyond 5G (B5G) wireless communication links in both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). To reduce the cost and power consumption, there is a marked industrial interest in adopting analogue multiple beam antenna array technology. A key sub-system in many of such antenna arrays is the circuit type multiple beamforming network (BFN). This has led to a significantly renewed interest in and new technological developments of Butler matrices, Blass matrices, and Nolen matrices as well as hybrid structures, mostly at millimeter-wave frequencies. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no comprehensive analysis and comparison of circuit type multiple BFNs have been properly reported with focus on 5 G and 6 G applications to date. In this paper, the principle of operation, design, and implementation of different circuit type multiple BFNs are discussed and compared. The suitability of these sub-systems for 5 G and B5G antenna arrays is reviewed. Major technology and research challenges are highlighted. It is expected that this review paper will facilitate further innovation and developments in this important field.INDEX TERMS Fifth generation (5G), sixth generation (6G), beyond 5G (B5G), multiple beam antenna arrays, circuit type beamforming networks (BFNs), Blass matrix, Butler matrix, Nolen matrix, terrestrial network (TN), non-terrestrial network (NTN).This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. GUO ET AL.: CIRCUIT TYPE MULTIPLE BEAMFORMING NETWORKS FOR ANTENNA ARRAYS FIGURE 1. General Layout of a multibeam cellular antenna using 1D circuit type BFNs.

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Section: ) Miniaturized Transmission Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

2021

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“…One very popular design methodology is to adopt a Butler matrix as the beamforming feed network that excites a linear array of antenna elements. Element choices have included horn antennas [11], varieties of slot antennas [12]- [17], mi-crostrip patch antennas [18]- [20], modified d ipoles [21]- [24] and magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antennas [25]. A challenge all of these designs share is being able to simultaneously achieve a wide (3-dB) HPBW, e.g., larger than 150 • in the principal vertical plane that is orthogonal to the array axis; high radiation efficiency; compact size; and easy, cost-effective implementation on a single piece of PCB substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the required metallic fabrication costs are notably expensive. Other reported examples that use quasi-unidirectional array elements in a linear arrangement include beam-steerable slot antenna arrays enabled by longitudinal slot radiators [12]- [15], tapered slot antennas (TSAs) [16], and CP slot elements [17]. All of these slot-based designs again have narrow beamwidths in that vertical, orthogonal plane, i.e., the largest achieved HPBW is less than 120 • [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of Beam-Steerable, Broadside-Radiating Huygens Dipole Antenna Arrays and Experimental Verification of an Ultrathin Prototype for Wirelessly Powered IoT Applications

Lin¹,

Ziolkowski

2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The theoretical analysis of beam-steerable, broadside-radiating Huygens dipole antenna arrays (HDAAs) is presented. Linear HDAAs with different numbers of elements are investigated and compared with full-wave simulations. Their attractive performance characteristics for wirelessly powered IoT applications are emphasized. Each Huygens dipole antenna (HDA) is an electrically small, linearly polarized, efficient, unidirectional radiating element. Linear HDAAs are confirmed to achieve high directivity beams in one principle plane and significantly broad beamwidths in the orthogonal principle plane. Very stable gain variation when their main beam is steered is demonstrated. A practical beam-steerable, broadside-radiating, linear HDAA is developed that employs an experimentallyverified HDA and is facilitated by a microstrip power-divider feed network. The entire HDAA design is ultrathin (λ0/240.87), lying only on a single piece Rogers Duroid TM 5880 copper-clad substrate. A proof-of-concept 3-element HDAA prototype excited with a 3×3 Butler matrix centered at 2.45 GHz was designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results, in very good agreement with their simulated values, demonstrate the efficacy of the linear HDAA designs and their potential usefulness for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems dedicated to emerging IoT applications that require power be directed towards terminals in multiple specified directions with broad area coverage at each one.

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“…There are many ways to build the crossover based on TE mode transmission line, such as by concatenating two 3-dB 90°hybrid coupler [8][9][10][11] , by introducing metallic vias at the junction of waveguide [12], by inserting dielectric plates into the waveguide junction [13], or by creating short slot between the adjacent ports [14,15]. However, most of these designs still suffer from low isolation or narrow bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wideband E-plane crossover coupler for terahertz applications

et al. 2021

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In this paper, a new approach to design terahertz (THz) E-plane crossover coupler is reported. By cascading two symmetrical septum polarizers, a simple structure with wide operating bandwidth and high isolation performance is achieved. The working principle is explained by operating waveguide modes. To simplify the optimization process, the scattering matrix (S-matrix) of the crossover is calculated. Two prototypes loaded and unloaded electromagnetic band gap (EBG) are fabricated and measured. The electrical contact problem at assembly plane is eliminated by the prototype loaded EBG. A measured bandwidth of 17.3% from 92.5 to 110 GHz for reflection and isolation coefficients < -15 dB and transmission coefficient > -2 dB is achieved.

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Millimeter-Wave Multibeam Antenna Based on Folded C-Type SIW

Cited by 36 publications

References 31 publications

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Circuit Type Multiple Beamforming Networks for Antenna Arrays in 5G and 6G Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks

Theoretical Analysis of Beam-Steerable, Broadside-Radiating Huygens Dipole Antenna Arrays and Experimental Verification of an Ultrathin Prototype for Wirelessly Powered IoT Applications

A wideband E-plane crossover coupler for terahertz applications

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