Millimeter‐wave antenna with wide‐scan angle radiation characteristics for MIMO applications

Self Cite

Millimeter wave antennas designed at 28 GHz is essential for future 5G base stations or access points and mobile terminals. In this paper, a compact pattern diversity module for millimeter wave 5G base stations is proposed by using 3D‐printing for radome design. In order to achieve path loss compensation in an indoor base station context, the gains of the antennas radiating at ±45° must be 3 dB higher than the antenna radiating in the boresight axis. First, an inset fed patch antenna integrated with a low‐cost industry standard 3D‐printed superstrate with Polylactic acid (PLA) is investigated to study its radiation characteristics. The radome is designed in such a way for optimal gain enhancement with minimal physical footprint. The height of the 2 mm thick superstrate is optimized for a boresight gain of 8 dBi. Second, the 3D‐printed superstrate is optimized for a boresight gain of 11 dBi, which satisfies the criterion of path loss compensation, in this case the antenna achieves an aperture efficiency of close to 72% at 28 GHz. A compact pattern diversity module with customized 3D‐printed radome is also presented to achieve path loss compensation and wide angular coverage of ±70° with associated isolation of less than 35 dB across the ports and the band. Detailed simulation and measurement results are presented.

Section: Antennas With 3d‐printed Superstratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path loss compensated millimeter wave antenna module integrated with 3D ‐printed radome

Karthikeya

Koul

Poddar

et al. 2020

Self Cite

“…With the rapid development of the fifth-generation communication (5G) technology, millimeter-wave multibeam array antennas and millimeter-wave multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems have been extensively studied. [1][2][3] For these applications, antennas systems 4,5 with high directivity and efficient are desired to compensate for large propagation path loss especially in the millimeter-wave frequency band and enhance the communication quality. 6 The beam-forming networks are cost effective and attractive approach to fulfill such antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible millimeter‐wave Butler matrix based on the low‐loss substrate integrated suspended line patch hybrid coupler with arbitrary phase difference and coupling coefficient

Zheng

et al. 2021

In this paper, a millimeter-wave Butler matrix with flexible phase differences is proposed using the substrate integrated suspended line technology. To begin with, a low-loss substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) circular patch coupler consisting of four circular sectors is presented, achieving arbitrary phase difference and coupling coefficient by adjusting the angle and radii of the sectors. Based on the proposed coupler, two prototypes of the SISL Butler matrix are designed, fabricated and measured for the demonstration. In prototype I, the crossovers are removed and a flexible phase difference is obtained with an area size of 2.5 λ g × 2.8 λ g . In prototype II, both the crossovers and 45 phase shifters are removed and the phase differences of ±45 and ±135 are obtained with an area size of 1.86 λ g × 2.24 λ g . Low crosstalk between components and minimal radiation loss can be achieved by the SISL self-packaged characteristic and electromagnetic shielding. For both prototypes, the measured insertion losses are less than 2 dB at 26 GHz, including the loss of transitions and connectors, and the measured phase errors are less than ±10 within a bandwidth of more than 10%. The proposed Butler matrix shows the advantages of compact size, low loss and high integration. K E Y W O R D Sarbitrary phase difference, butler matrix, coupler, patch element, substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) | INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid development of the fifth-generation communication (5G) technology, millimeter-wave multibeam array antennas and millimeter-wave multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems have been extensively studied. [1][2][3] For these applications, antennas systems 4,5 with high directivity and efficient are desired to compensate for large propagation path loss especially in the millimeter-wave frequency band and enhance the communication quality. 6 The beam-forming networks are cost effective and attractive approach to fulfill such antennas. Three commonly-used circuit topologies for beam-forming networks are Blass, 7 Nolen, 8 and Butler 9 matrices. Among them, the Butler matrix is most widely applied for its simple structure and low power consumption. A conventional Butler matrix is composed of four 3-dB quadrate couplers, two 45 phase shifters, and two crossovers. When the signal is fed from one of the input ports, the signal will be divided into the four output ports

“…For nonline of sight communication, the beam of the antenna needs to be steered to avoid signal blockage, 30 but at the millimeter frequency the phase shifting network for beam steering are lossy. 31 The proposed antenna produces the multibeam radiation pattern, which can be used to cover the specified space and has added advantage over single beam antenna in terms of signal to noise ration. The advantage of combining bi-beam, tri-beam and quadbeam on signal quality, path loss and path shadowing is proposed by author in Reference 32.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four element three‐dimensional SIW horn antenna array for high‐frequency applications

Kumar

Srivastava

2021

A low-profile three-dimensional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna array with its novel feeding structure is proposed in this article. The feeding element is capable of transforming the wave from one plane to its orthogonal plane. Such type of three-dimensional SIW, H-plane horn antenna design is not available in the existing literature. The design is proposed to provide high gain for radar, 5G, and satellite communication applications. The single SIW horn antenna does not have significant gain at the desired frequencies. When the antenna element is loaded with dielectric the gain improves by 1.4 dB. The antenna elements are further arranged in a box shape, forming a three-dimensional array, which improves the gain significantly. Such structure shows dual band characteristics and provides gain of 11.3 dB at 28.26 GHz and 9.64 dB at 29.41 GHz. The same three-dimensional design when loaded with dielectric at the aperture end also show a dual band behavior and improve the gain further to 12.5 dB at 28.12 GHz and 12.55 dB at 29.28 GHz. The proposed three-dimensional antenna designs are compared to four element linear array designs, and it shows substantial improvement in gain for the desired frequency.