Millimeter-Wave and Submillimeter-Wave/Terahertz Passive Imaging System Requirements: A Phenomenological Perspective

Abstract

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Concealed objects detection and recognition in active transmission sub-terahertz imaging scanner for automatic security screening

“…THz waves, also known as submillimeter waves, are a type of electromagnetic radiation that falls within the frequency range of 0.3 to 10 THz. 4 Sub-THz waves, on the other hand, are commonly referred to as millimeter waves that cover frequencies from 30 to 300 GHz. 5 Unlike X-ray, both radiations can penetrate through various materials, including clothing, paper, cardboard, wood, and plastic packaging, allowing for the imaging of a concealed object with acceptable resolution.…”

“…THz waves, also known as submillimeter waves, are a type of electromagnetic radiation that falls within the frequency range of 0.3 to 10 THz 4 . Sub-THz waves, on the other hand, are commonly referred to as millimeter waves that cover frequencies from 30 to 300 GHz 5 .…”

“…For many years, extensive studies have been devoted to the use of sub-THz radiation in stand-off concealed weapons detection, utilizing either passive or active imaging. Generally, sub-THz passive imaging systems have poor sensitivity, whereas active imaging systems have significantly better sensitivity 4 but are constrained by barrier material clutter, speckle, and glint effects. Unfortunately, their sensitivity strongly depends on the angle of incidence of the illuminating beam.…”

Transmission imaging measurements at 188 GHz with 0.35μm CMOS technology

“…Detection of concealed weapons and contraband substances such as drugs, chemical/biological agents and explosives has applications at airports, prisons, post offices and ports of entry [1], [2], [5], [6], [7]. There is also an emerging clinical diagnostic market for various surface and subcutaneous imaging and standoff detection applications such as blood chemistry analysis and cancer detection.…”