Millimeter-sized spherical ion-sieve foams with hierarchical pore structure for recovery of lithium from seawater

Lithium ion recovery from brine using granulated polyacrylamide–MnO 2 ion-sieve

“…Lots of researchers have tried to immobilize the MnO 2 ion-sieve powder into spheres, foams, membranes, and fibers [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] using binders, such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), polysulfone (PSf), http polyurethane (PU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), silica, agar, and chitosan, respectively. However, it is found that the Li + adsorption capacity of the granulated MnO 2 ion-sieve is decreased significantly when compared with the MnO 2 ion-sieve powder, either owing to powder leakage or blocked in the forming materials [10,21,24].…”

Capturing Lithium from Wastewater Using a Fixed Bed Packed with 3-D MnO2 Ion Cages

“…The specific adsorption sites for 3-D MnO 2 ionic cages (CMO) were prepared by removing target ions from a stable inorganic solid that contain Li in the lattice. The ionic-cage adsorbents have the advantages of low toxicity and high chemical stability, 19,20 but they have the disadvantage of slow adsorption kinetics. CMO have (1) high selectively for Li(I) in the presence of competing ions, (2) high adsorption capacity, and (3) a fast adsorption kinetics.…”

Magnetically separable magnetite–lithium manganese oxide nanocomposites as reusable lithium adsorbents in aqueous lithium resources

“…Harvianto et al reported that the Li + adsorption efficiency for concentrated seawater was lower than that for seawater [36]. Table 5 lists the Li + adsorption capacities of previously studied manganese oxide composite adsorbents in seawater and brine [6,[8][9][10]. These manganese oxide composite adsorbents were fabricated by granulation or membranization methods to enable the use of powder-type adsorbents in aqueous Li resources for practical industrial applications.…”

“…These membrane-type adsorbents are suitable for Li + recovery from aqueous Li resources because they can be used in continuous-operation systems, but operation of the pressurized flow component of the membrane system consumes energy [12]. The manufacturing costs are high, and a considerable amount of wastewater containing substances such as N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide [9] is generated. In addition, coverage of the adsorbent surface by polymers decreases the number of active sites for Li + adsorption.…”

“…Macroporous silica beads [5], macroporous cellulose gel beads [6], and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) [7] have been used for granulation of Li adsorbents to an appropriate size. Foam adsorbents have been prepared using various binders such as pitch [8] or agar [9], with LMOs as precursors. These granulated and foam adsorbents are used in column systems for Li + recovery; this method has high energy consumption and a high pressure is needed, leading to adsorbent loss.…”