Millimeter &amp;amp; sub-millimeter wave radiometer instruments for the next generation of polar orbiting meteorological satellites &amp;#x2014; MetOp-SG

Thomas, B.; Brandt, M.; Walber, Achim; Gibson, Hugh; Philipp, Martin; Sonnabend, G.; Benzazaa, M.; Gonzalez, R.; Bergada, M.; Martínez, Justino; Perichaud, Marie-Genevieve; Narhi, T.; Klein, Ulf; D’Addio, Salvatore; Kangas, V.

doi:10.1109/irmmw-thz.2014.6956005

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The new generation of ESA/EUMETSAT Earth Observation satellites, Meteorological Operational SatelliteSecond Generation (MetOp-SG), scheduled for launch in 2022, will carry the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) which will measure cloud ice water path in the 183-664 GHz range . Additionally, two microwave instruments will fly alongside ICI; Microwave Sounder (MWS) and Microwave Imager (MWI), all three of which benefit from state-of-the-art Schottky diode-based mixers (Thomas et al, 2014). The analysis in the remainder of this study is restricted to clear-sky atmospheric applications of the submillimetre.…”

Section: Submillimetre Atmospheric Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The submillimetre is an understudied region of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic spectrum. Prior technological gaps and relatively high opacity due to the prevalence of rotational water vapour lines at these wavelengths have slowed progress from a ground-based remote sensing perspective; however, emerging superconducting detector technologies in the fields of astronomy offer the potential to address key atmospheric science challenges with new instrumental methods. A site study, with a focus on the polar regions, is performed to assess theoretical feasibility by simulating the downwelling (zenith angle = 0 • ) clearsky submillimetre spectrum from 30 mm (10 GHz) to 150 µm (2000 GHz) at six locations under annual mean, summer, winter, daytime, night-time and low-humidity conditions. Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure and 28 atmospheric gases are constructed by combining radiosonde, meteorological reanalysis and atmospheric chemistry model data. The sensitivity of the simulated spectra to the choice of water vapour continuum model and spectroscopic line database is explored. For the atmospheric trace species hypobromous acid (HOBr), hydrogen bromide (HBr), perhydroxyl radical (HO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) the emission lines producing the largest change in brightness temperature are identified. Signal strengths, centre frequencies, bandwidths, estimated minimum integration times and maximum receiver noise temperatures are determined for all cases. HOBr, HBr and HO 2 produce brightness temperature peaks in the mK to µK range, whereas the N 2 O peaks are in the K range. The optimal submillimetre remote sensing lines for the four species are shown to vary significantly between location and scenario, strengthening the case for future hyperspectral instruments that measure over a broad wavelength range. The techniques presented here provide a framework that can be applied to additional species of interest and taken forward to simulate retrievals and guide the design of future submillimetre instruments.

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Section: Submillimetre Atmospheric Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

et al. 2016

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show abstract

“…The new generation of ESA/EUMETSAT Earth Observation satellites, Meteorological Operational Satellite -Second Generation (MetOp-SG), scheduled for launch in 2022, will carry the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) which will measure cloud ice water path in the 183-664 GHz range (Thomas et al, 2012). Additionally, two microwave instruments will fly alongside ICI; Microwave Sounder (MWS) and Microwave Imager (MWI), all three of which benefit from state-of-the-art Schottky diode-based mixers (Thomas et al, 2014). The analysis in the remainder of this study is restricted to clear-sky atmospheric applications of the submillimetre.…”

Section: Submillimetre Atmospheric Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to reviewer 2 comments on &#8220;Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations&#8221;

Turner¹

2016

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General comments This paper presents a framework for determining the feasibility of ground-based sub-millimetre measurements of atmospheric trace gases at a particular site, and deciding which spectral lines are good choices for observation. The method uses estimates of instrumental parameters representative of current technology that is mainly used for astronomical purposes, and examples are given for six observation locations. The writing of high quality and the figures are clear and well created. I believe this work is suitable for AMT and will be of interest to many. I would recommend this work for publication if the following points can been addressed. The two biggest concerns are listed as the first comments. C1

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“…The new generation of ESA/EUMETSAT Earth Observation satellites, Meteorological Operational Satellite -Second Generation (MetOp-SG), scheduled for launch in 2022, will carry the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) which will measure cloud ice water path in the 183 -664 GHz range (Thomas et al, 2012). Additionally, two microwave instruments will fly alongside ICI; MicroWave Sounder (MWS) and MicroWave Imager (MWI), all three of which benefit from state-of-the-art Schottky diode based mixers (Thomas et al, 2014). The analysis in the remainder of this study is restricted to clear-sky atmospheric applications of the sub-millimetre.…”

Section: And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations

Turner¹,

Withington²,

Newnham³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. The sub-millimetre is an understudied region of the Earth's atmospheric electromagnetic spectrum. Prior technological gaps and relatively high opacity due to the prevalence of rotational water vapour lines at these wavelengths have slowed progress from a ground-based remote sensing perspective; however, emerging superconducting detector technologies in the fields of astronomy offer the potential to address key atmospheric science challenges with new instrumental methods. A site study, with a focus on the polar regions, is performed to assess theoretical feasibility by simulating the downwelling clear-sky sub-millimetre spectrum from 30 mm (10 GHz) to 150 μm (2000 GHz) at six locations under annual mean, summer, winter, daytime, nighttime and low humidity conditions. Vertical profiles of temperature, pressure and 28 atmospheric gases are constructed by combining radiosonde, meteorological reanalysis, and atmospheric chemistry model data. The sensitivity of the simulated spectra to the choice of water vapour continuum model and spectroscopic line database is explored. For the atmospheric trace species hypobromous acid (HOBr), hydrogen bromide (HBr), perhydroxyl radical (HO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) the emission lines producing the largest change in brightness temperature are identified. Signal strengths, centre frequencies, bandwidths, estimated minimum integration times and maximum receiver noise temperatures are determined for all cases. HOBr, HBr and HO2 produce brightness temperature peaks in the mK to K range, whereas the N2O peaks are in the K range. The optimal sub-millimetre remote sensing lines for the four species are shown to vary significantly between location and scenario, strengthening the case for future hyperspectral instruments that measure over a broad wavelength range. The techniques presented here provide a framework that can be applied to additional species of interest and taken forward to simulate retrievals and guide the design of future sub-millimetre instruments.

show abstract

Millimeter & sub-millimeter wave radiometer instruments for the next generation of polar orbiting meteorological satellites — MetOp-SG

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

Response to reviewer 2 comments on &#8220;Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations&#8221;

Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations

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Millimeter &amp; sub-millimeter wave radiometer instruments for the next generation of polar orbiting meteorological satellites &#x2014; MetOp-SG

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

Simulation of submillimetre atmospheric spectra for characterising potential ground-based remote sensing observations

Response to reviewer 2 comments on &amp;#8220;Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations&amp;#8221;

Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations

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Product

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Millimeter & sub-millimeter wave radiometer instruments for the next generation of polar orbiting meteorological satellites — MetOp-SG

Response to reviewer 2 comments on “Simulation of sub-millimetre atmospheric spectra for characterizing potential ground-based remote sensing observations”